What is the Principle of Extension Education?
✅ Explanation: Extension Education emphasizes practical, hands-on learning experiences, where individuals learn by actively participating and applying knowledge in real-world situations. This approach is considered more effective than passive methods like reading or hearing.Additional Information Some other principles of Extension Education include:● Principle of Interest: Teaching based on the learner's interests.● Principle of Participation: Active involvement of learners.● Principle of Adaptability: Adjusting to the learner's environment.
What is the Goal of Extension Education?
✅ Explanation: Extension Education can contribute to increased income, production, and the adoption of new crops, its primary goal is to empower individuals and communities with knowledge and skills. This enables them to make informed decisions, adopt scientific practices, and improve their overall quality of life. By promoting a scientific outlook, Extension Education:Encourages critical thinking and problem-solvingFosters innovation and adaptability Enhances decision-making abilitiesLeads to sustainable development
Which one of the following is correctly matched?
✅ Explanation: The Etawah Pilot Project was initiated by Albert Mayer in 1948 in the Etawah district of Uttar Pradesh. It was one of the first rural development programs in India, aimed at improving agricultural practices and living standards in villages. This project laid the foundation for the Community Development Programme introduced in 1952.Key Points The Pilot Project of rural development in post-WWII India was informed by Mayer’s experience as a practicing engineer, architect, and planner in the U.S. The Pilot Project began in 64 villages in the district of Etawah, U.P. in 1948 and later expanded to 366 villages by 1956.Additional Information Sewagram ashram was founded by Mahatma Gandhi close to Wardha and later Vinoba Bhave made its headquarters. India's Grow More Food campaign lasted from 1943 to 1951 by Britsh after the Bengal Famine of 1943. The first Cooperative Credit So­cieties Act was passed in 1904 and later in 1912. Maclagan committee was formed in 1914 for reform purposes. Cooperative Planning Committee was appointed by the Government of India in 1945.
The first KVK was established in 1974 at:
✅ Explanation: The first Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), an agricultural extension center, was established in Pondicherry in 1974. It aimed to bridge the gap between research and farmers by disseminating agricultural technologies and knowledge at the grassroots level. KVKs are agricultural extension centers established by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) with the aim of providing farmers with access to the latest agricultural technologies and knowledge. They play a crucial role in disseminating information on improved farming practices, crop varieties, and livestock management. KVKs conduct various activities like field demonstrations, on-farm trials, and training programs to improve crop production and rural livelihoods. KVKs are located in every district of India and are linked with Agricultural Universities and ICAR institutes.
Which of the following rural development projects was launched before independence?
✅ Explanation: The cooperative movement in India traces its roots back to the pre-independence era, with the first cooperative credit societies established in the early 1900s. This movement aimed to uplift rural communities through collective action and economic self-reliance.📌 Other Options Explanations:● Option A: The Etawah pilot project was launched in 1948, by Albert Mayor for rural development in Uttar Pradesh.● Option C: The Community Development Program was launched in 1952 focusing on comprehensive rural development.● Option D: The National Extension Service was initiated in 1953 to support the Community Development Programme, focusing on agriculture, health, and education.
Television broadcast for rural development in India, started in:
✅ Explanation: The Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE) was launched in 1975-1976, marking the beginning of television broadcasts specifically for rural development in India.
Cooperative society is a basic institution for:
✅ Explanation: Cooperative societies play a vital role in the socio-economic development of villagers. They provide a platform for collective action, resource pooling, and shared decision-making, enabling villagers to access credit, market their produce, and improve their livelihoods. Cooperatives promote economic democracy by ensuring equitable distribution of resources and profits among members. They play a vital role in areas like credit, agriculture, marketing, housing, and small-scale industries. Cooperative societies are key for promoting financial inclusion, reducing dependence on moneylenders, and improving livelihood security.
Radio mass medium is characterised by:
✅ Explanation: Radio is a one-way communication medium where the broadcaster sends messages to the audience without immediate feedback.
Which one of the following is not correctly matched ?
✅ Explanation: Melas are large gatherings and can be considered a mass approach rather than a group approach.📌 Other Options Explanations:● Option A (Mass-Exhibition): Exhibitions are often designed for large audiences (mass).● Option B (Individual-Farm Visit): Farm visits are typically conducted on an individual basis.● Option D (Mass-Newspaper): Newspapers are a form of mass media reaching a wide audience.
Purpose of extension evaluation:
✅ Explanation: Extension evaluation is a comprehensive process that aims to assess all aspects of an extension program or initiative. This includes identifying:● Weak points: Areas where the program is underperforming or not achieving its desired outcomes.● Strong points: Aspects of the program that are working well and contributing to success.● Gaps: Missing components or areas where the program could be expanded or improved.● Errors: Mistakes or flaws in the program's design or implementation.By identifying all of these factors, extension evaluation provides valuable insights that can be used to refine and improve the program, ultimately leading to better outcomes for the target audience.
Read the following statements and mark your answers according to the code given below: I. Newspaper is popular medium of communication in rural areas. II. Newspaper is written form of communication. III. Film show is audio-visual form of communication. IV
✅ Explanation:● Statement II is correct: Newspapers are a written form of communication.● Statement III is correct: Film shows involve both audio (sound) and visual (images) elements, making them audio-visual.
Match list I with list II and select the correct answer using the code given below: List I (Form): A. Spoken B. Written C. Projected D. Non-projected List II (Technique): 1. Folder 2. Tape recorder 3. Film 4. Puppet
✅ Explanation:● A. Spoken - 2. Tape recorder: Tape recorders are used to record and playback spoken words.● B. Written - 1. Folder: Folders are used to store and organize written documents.● C. Projected - 3. Film: Films are projected onto a screen for viewing.● D. Non projected - 4. Puppet: Puppets are a form of non-projected visual aid used in storytelling and education.
Match List I (Aids) with List II (Methods of contact) and select the correct answer: List I (Aids) List II (Methods of Contact) A. Model 1. Group Contact B. Slide 2. Mass Contact C. Telephone 3. Personal Contact D. Poster 4. Mass Contact
✅ Explanation:● A. Model - 1. Group contact: Models are often used as visual aids in group settings, such as classrooms or workshops.● B. Slide - 2. Mass contact: Slides are typically used in presentations to convey information to a large audience.● C. Telephone - 3. Personal contact: Telephones are used for one-on-one communication.● D. Poster - 4. Mass contact: Posters are designed to be displayed in public places to reach a wide audience.
Lab to Land programme was started by:
✅ Explanation: The Lab to Land Programme (LLP) was launched by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) in 1979. The program aimed to transfer the technologies developed in agricultural research institutions to the farmers' fields, thereby improving agricultural productivity and farmers' income.📌 Other Options Explanations:● (a) NBSSLUP: National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning is an institute under ICAR.
Which of the following is not a method of group communication?
✅ Explanation: A circular letter is a written communication typically sent to multiple individuals or groups, making it a form of mass communication rather than group communication.📌 Other Options Explanations:● (a) Demonstration: A demonstration is a group communication method where a skill or technique is shown to an audience.● (b) Symposium: A symposium is a meeting or conference at which several speakers deliver short addresses on a particular topic or theme.● (c) Flannel graph: A flannel graph is a visual aid used to tell stories or present information to a group.
People's participation in an extension programme is significant when:
✅ Explanation: People's participation is most impactful when the majority of the intended beneficiaries (villagers) actively engage in and contribute to the extension program. This ensures wider adoption, ownership, and sustainability of the program's outcomes.
Which of the following statements represents true concepts of extension evaluation?
✅ Explanation: Extension evaluation is an ongoing process that should be integrated into every stage of a program. It's not a one-time event at the beginning, middle, or end. Continuous evaluation allows for adjustments and improvements as the program progresses, ensuring that it remains effective and achieves its intended goals.📌 Other Options Explanations:● (b) Extension evaluation begins at the mid-step of the programme: Mid-step evaluation is important for assessing progress and making necessary adjustments.● (c) Extension evaluation begins at the last step of the programme: Evaluation at the end is crucial for determining the overall impact and effectiveness of the program.● (d) Extension evaluation begins inbuilt in each step of the programme: While evaluation should be integrated into each step, it doesn't begin at every step. The initial evaluation sets the foundation for the entire process.
Which one of the following is not correctly matched? Approach/Technique
✅ Explanation: Demonstrations are typically conducted for a small to moderate sized group, not a mass audience.📌 Other Options Explanations:● (a) Mass | Television: Television is a mass media tool used to broadcast information to a large audience.● (b) Mass | Film: Films can be shown in theaters or on television, reaching a wide audience.● (c) Mass | Tape recorder: tape recorders were historically used to record and distribute audio content to a large audience.
Success in rural development project depends upon:
✅ Explanation: The active involvement and participation of the beneficiaries (the local community) is crucial for the success of any rural development project. Their ownership and commitment ensure sustainability and relevance to their needs.
National Academy of Agriculture Research Management is located at:
✅ Explanation: The National Academy of Agricultural Research Management (NAARM) is located in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. It is an autonomous institution under the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).
For a study of the farming system, the best PRA exercise is:
✅ Explanation: Resource mapping is a participatory tool that visually represents the resources available in a community, including land, water, crops, livestock, and infrastructure. This helps in understanding the existing farming systems, identifying constraints, and planning interventions for improvement. 📌 Other Options Explanations:● (a) Transect walk: A transect walk involves walking through a community to observe and document its features. While it can provide valuable insights.● (c) Timeline: A timeline is used to illustrate historical events and changes over time● (d) Chapati diagram: A chapati diagram is a visual representation of household expenditure patterns, although it can provide some relevant information.
Community development project was started in India in:
✅ Explanation: The Community Development Programme (CDP) was launched in India on October 2, 1952, with the aim of comprehensive rural development. It was a multi-faceted program aimed at improving the living conditions of people in rural areas through various activities like agriculture, education, health, sanitation, and infrastructure development.
Which source of interview is the best in a rural society?
✅ Explanation: Focused group discussions allow for in-depth exploration of a specific topic with a selected group of people, providing valuable insights into their perceptions, experiences, and opinions. This is particularly useful in understanding complex issues in rural communities.
The full form of A.T.M.A. is:
✅ Explanation: The full form of ATMA is Agriculture Technology Management Agency. It is a nodal agency at the district level responsible for coordinating and implementing agricultural extension activities.
Method of mass communication is:
✅ Explanation: Newspapers are designed to reach a large audience, making them a method of mass communication.📌 Other Options Explanations:● (a) Demonstration: A demonstration is a method of showing how something is done and is usually a one-on-one or small group interaction.● (b) Farm visit: Farm visits are a method of personal communication between an expert and a farmer.● (c) Group discussion: A group discussion involves a small number of people.
T and V systems of extension was started by:
✅ Explanation: The T&V system (Training and Visit) is an agricultural extension system developed by Daniel Benor to transfer agricultural technologies and information to farmers effectively.
Which one is not the part of communication module?
✅ Explanation: While advice can be a part of the message in communication, it's not a fundamental component of the communication module itself. The core components are the sender (communicator), the message, and the receiver (audience).📌 Other Options Explanations:● (a) Communicator: The person or entity initiating the communication.● (b) Message: The information or content being conveyed.● (d) Audience: The person or group receiving the message.
High yielding variety programme was started in the year:
✅ Explanation: The High Yielding Varieties Programme (HYVP) was launched in India in 1966 as part of the Green Revolution to increase agricultural productivity.It aimed to increase agricultural productivity by introducing high-yielding seed varieties along with improved agricultural practices.
Kisan Bharti periodical is published from:
✅ Explanation: "Kisan Bharti" is a popular agricultural magazine published by the Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, located in Pant Nagar, Uttarakhand, India.
Gurgaon project was organized by:
✅ Explanation: The Gurgaon Experiment, also known as the Gurgaon Project, was a rural development initiative initiated by F. L. Brayne in the Gurgaon district (now Gurugram) of Haryana, India. The project aimed to improve agricultural practices and raise living standards in the region.📌 Other Options Explanations:● (a) Mahatma Gandhi: Gandhi was a prominent leader in India's independence movement and advocated for rural development, Sewagram (wardha).● (c) Hatch: Marthandam project 1928.● (d) Albert Mayer: Albert Mayer was an American architect and planner who is known for his work in rural development, particularly the Etawah Pilot Project.
Sevagram attempt was started under the supervision of:
✅ Explanation: The Sevagram Ashram, located in the village of Segaon (later renamed Sevagram), was established by Mahatma Gandhi in 1936. It served as a central place for his activities related to the Indian independence movement and rural development initiatives.📌 Other Options Explanations:● Option A: F.L. Bryne was associated with the Gurgaon Project, a rural development initiative in the Gurgaon district (now Gurugram) of Haryana, India.● Option B: Rabindranath Tagore was a renowned poet, philosopher, and Nobel laureate, known for his contributions to literature and education.
Shriniketan attempt was started by R.N. Tagore in collaboration with Elmhirst in:
✅ Explanation: Shriniketan, also known as the Institute of Rural Reconstruction, was established in Sriniketan, Birbhum district of West Bengal (previously undivided Bengal) by Rabindranath Tagore in collaboration with Leonard Elmhirst.
Martandum attempt was started by:
✅ Explanation: Spencer Hatch initiated the Martandam Rural Reconstruction Centre in the village of Martandam in Travancore (now part of Kerala), India, in 1921. It aimed to improve rural livelihoods through education, healthcare, and economic development initiatives.📌 Other Options Explanations:● (a) Howard: Albert Howard was an English botanist and agricultural scientist known for his work in organic farming and the Indore method of composting.● (c) Albert Mayer: Albert Mayer was an American architect and planner known for his work in rural development, particularly the Etawah Pilot Project in Uttar Pradesh, India.● (d) F. L. Bryne: F.L. Brayne was a British civil servant known for his rural development work in Gurgaon (now Gurugram), Haryana, India.
The fundamental objective of extension education is:
✅ Explanation: The fundamental objective of extension education is holistic development. It focuses on enabling individuals and communities to improve their quality of life through education, skill enhancement, and adoption of scientific and innovative practices. While economic growth and better living conditions are outcomes, the primary focus remains on the development of the people in all aspects—social, economic, and cultural.
T & V system is a good example of:
✅ Explanation: The T&V system, or Training and Visit system, is primarily focused on the regular training of extension workers (field-level officers) and their scheduled visits to farmers' fields to provide technical guidance and support. This systematic approach emphasizes the continuous training aspect, making it a prime example of a training approach.
The main objectives of the community development programme are:
✅ Explanation: Community development programs aim to achieve holistic development by encompassing various aspects:● Area development: This includes improving infrastructure, amenities, and services within a specific geographic area.● Self-help programme: Empowering communities to identify and address their own needs, fostering self-reliance and sustainability.● Development of the whole community: Focusing on the overall well-being of the community, including social, economic, and environmental aspects.
According to Balwantrai Mehta committee, Panchayati Raj should be a:
✅ Explanation: The Balwant Rai Mehta Committee, established in 1957, recommended a three-tier structure for Panchayati Raj institutions:Gram Panchayat (Village level): The basic unit of the Panchayati Raj system, responsible for local governance at the village level.Panchayat Samiti (Block level): A body of elected representatives from multiple Gram Panchayats within a block, overseeing development activities at the block level.Zila Parishad (District level): The highest tier of the Panchayati Raj system at the district level, responsible for planning and coordinating development activities across the district.This structure aims to decentralize power and promote grassroots democracy in rural areas.
Panchayati Raj was first time started on 2nd October 1959 in:
✅ Explanation: The Panchayati Raj system, a system of local self-governance in India, was first implemented in Nagaur district of Rajasthan on October 2, 1959.
To get the intelligence quotient (IQ) of the individual, the formula will be:
✅ Explanation: The intelligence quotient (IQ) is a measure of a person's intelligence relative to their age group. It is calculated by dividing a person's mental age (as determined by standardized tests) by their chronological age, and then multiplying by 100.
Correct sequence of steps in extension teaching is:
✅ Explanation: The correct sequence of steps in extension teaching, often referred to as the AIDA model, is:Attention: Capturing the learner's attention.Interest: Creating interest in the topic.Desire: Stimulating a desire to learn more or take action.Conviction: Building conviction that the information is valuable and relevant.Action: Encouraging the learner to take the desired action (e.g., adopt a new practice).Satisfaction: Ensuring that the learner feels satisfied with the outcome of their action.
Which is not a principle of learning?
✅ Explanation: Learning should, in fact, develop a functional understanding of learners. It's a core goal of the learning process to ensure that learners can apply their knowledge and skills in practical ways.📌 Other Options Explanations:● Option A: Learning is indeed a continuous process of growth and development.● Option B: Meaningful learning, connecting new information to existing knowledge, is crucial for effective learning.● Option C: Challenges and a sense of accomplishment contribute to motivation and deeper learning.
Which one of the following is not an element of a good learning situation?
✅ Explanation: While the transfer process is the desired outcome of a learning situation, it is not an element that constitutes the learning environment itself.📌 Other Options Explanations:● Physical facilities: Adequate space, lighting, and resources are important for a conducive learning environment.● Extension worker: A knowledgeable and skilled facilitator is crucial for guiding and supporting learners.● Subject matter: Relevant and engaging content is necessary for effective learning.
Communication is the process by which messages are transferred from source to:
✅ Explanation: Communication is the process of sending a message from a sender (source) through a channel to a receiver. The receiver is the intended audience for the message.📌 Other Options Explanations:● (a) Channel: The medium through which the message travels (e.g., airwaves, print, digital platforms).● (b) Message: The information or content being conveyed.● (d) Effects: The impact or result of the communication on the receiver.
The correct sequence of innovation decision process or adoption process is:
✅ Explanation: This sequence represents the typical stages an individual goes through when deciding to adopt a new innovation:Awareness: The individual becomes aware of the innovation's existence.Interest: The individual develops an interest in learning more about innovation.Evaluation: The individual assesses the potential benefits and drawbacks of the innovation.Trial: The individual tries innovation on a small scale or in a limited way.Adoption: If satisfied with the trial, the individual decides to fully adopt the innovation.
_______ are the first farmers to adopt a new idea.
✅ Explanation: Innovators are the first to adopt new technologies or ideas. They are risk-takers and are willing to experiment with new things.📌 Other Options Explanations:● (b) Early adopters: Early adopters are the second group to adopt a new idea, after the innovators. They are often opinion leaders in their communities and can influence others to adopt the innovation.● (c) Early majority: The early majority is the third group to adopt an innovation. They are more cautious than the innovators and early adopters but are still willing to adopt new ideas if they see evidence that they are successful.● (d) Laggards: Laggards are the latest group to adopt innovation. They are often resistant to change and may only adopt new ideas if they are forced to.
________ are the last to adopt new ideas.
✅ Explanation: Laggards are the last group to adopt new technologies or ideas. They are often resistant to change and prefer traditional methods.📌 Other Options Explanations:● (a) Innovators: Innovators are the first to adopt new ideas.● (c) Early adopters: Early adopters are the second group to adopt new ideas.● (d) Early majority: Early majority is the third and largest group to adopt new ideas.
Normal rate of adoption requires how many years from the introduction of the innovation to its adoption throughout the community?
✅ Explanation: The normal rate of adoption, referring to the time it takes for an innovation to spread throughout a community, typically ranges from 6 to 10 years. This period allows for the different adopter categories to gradually embrace the innovation.
Which one of the following is not a method of mass contacts?
✅ Explanation: Result demonstrations are a method of group or individual contact, where the results of a new practice are shown to a smaller audience.📌 Other Options Explanations:● (a) Circular letters: Written communication sent to a large audience.● (b) Television: Reaches a vast audience through visual and auditory means.● (c) Leaflets: Printed materials distributed to a large audience.
Which one of the following is a method of group contacts?
✅ Explanation: Agricultural tours are organized for groups of farmers to visit research stations, model farms, or other relevant sites to learn about new technologies and practices. This falls under group contact methods in extension education.📌 Other Options Explanations:● (a) Farms and home visits: These are typically individual interactions between an extension worker and a farmer.● (b) Office calls: Involve one-on-one interactions between individuals.● (c) Personal letters: Written communication intended for a single recipient.
Which one of the following is an audio-visual method of extension teaching?
✅ Explanation: Drama involves both visual and auditory elements, making it an audio-visual method of extension teaching. It can effectively convey messages and create a lasting impact on the audience.
Which one is a non-projected aid?
✅ Explanation: Pictures are non-projected visual aids that can be used to illustrate concepts and ideas in extension teaching without the need for any projection equipment.📌 Other Options Explanations:● (a) Cinema: Requires a projector to display the film.● (b) Slide: Requires a projector to display the images on the slide.● (c) Overhead projector: This is a device used to project images onto a screen or wall.
Which method of extension teaching is a way of showing people the value of an improved practice?
✅ Explanation: Result demonstrations showcase the outcomes of adopting a new practice or technology, allowing people to see the tangible benefits and understand its value in a real-world context.
Leaflet is a single sheet of paper folded to make a ____ page piece of printed matter.
✅ Explanation: A standard leaflet is a single sheet of paper printed on both sides and folded twice to create four pages (two on each side of the fold). This format is commonly used for brochures, pamphlets, and other informative materials.
For one talk, how many flash cards should be used?
✅ Explanation: Using 10-12 flash cards for a single talk is generally considered ideal. This number allows for a comprehensive presentation while ensuring the audience doesn't get overwhelmed with too much information.
Which one of the step is not included in programme planning?
✅ Explanation: Executing the plan is part of the program implementation phase, not the planning phase. The planning phase involves collecting facts, analyzing the situation, and identifying problems.📌 Other Options Explanations:● Option A (Collect facts): This is a crucial step in understanding the context and needs of the target audience.● Option B (Analyze situation): Analyzing the collected facts helps identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.● Option C (Identify problems): Clearly defining the problems to be addressed is essential for designing effective solutions.
_______ is the primary institution of society.
✅ Explanation: The family is considered the primary institution of society as it is the basic unit where individuals are socialized and learn fundamental values, norms, and behaviors. It plays a crucial role in shaping individuals and preparing them for their roles in the larger community.
The word Extension is derived from:
✅ Explanation: The word "extension" is derived from the Latin word "extendere," which means to stretch out or spread. This aligns with the concept of extension education, which aims to extend knowledge and information beyond traditional academic settings to reach a wider audience.
Rural development depends on:
✅ Explanation: Rural development is a complex process that requires a multi-faceted approach. It relies on:● Research: To generate new knowledge and technologies.● Teaching: To educate and train individuals in relevant skills.● Extension: To disseminate knowledge and technologies to the target audience and facilitate their adoption.
Extension is a/an:
✅ Explanation: Extension education is a type of non-formal education that takes place outside the traditional classroom setting. It aims to provide practical knowledge and skills to individuals, often in rural or underserved communities.
In extension education, which of the following comes under personal contact method?
✅ Explanation: Farm and home visits involve direct, one-on-one interaction between the extension worker and the farmer or family in their own environment. This allows for personalized communication, observation of specific issues, and tailored advice.
In a non-directive counselling method, the extension worker:
✅ Explanation: In non-directive counseling, the extension worker:● Plays a neutral role: They avoid giving direct advice or imposing their own opinions, allowing the client to explore their thoughts and feelings freely.● Plays a passive role: They listen actively and attentively, without interrupting or judging the client.● Acts as a friend, philosopher, and guide: They create a supportive and empathetic environment where the client feels comfortable sharing their concerns and exploring solutions.
Which of the following extension approaches has the highest intensity of influence?
✅ Explanation: The individual approach, where the extension worker directly interacts with and tailors advice to each farmer or individual, has the highest potential for influence. This personalized guidance allows for addressing specific needs and concerns, leading to better understanding and adoption of recommended practices.📌 Other Options Explanations:● (a) Mass approach: Reaches a large audience.● (b) Group approach: Engages a group of individuals.● (c) Community approach: Focuses on the community at large.
Which of the following schemes is exclusively meant for self-employment for rural youths?
✅ Explanation: TRYSEM (Training of Rural Youth for Self-Employment) was a program specifically designed to provide technical and entrepreneurial skills to rural youth (18-35 years) to enable them to start their own ventures and become self-employed.📌 Other Options Explanations:● Option A (NREP): National Rural Employment Programme, focused on providing wage employment.● Option C (IRDP): Integrated Rural Development Programme, aimed at overall rural development, including poverty alleviation and employment generation.● Option D (DPAP): Drought Prone Area Programme, focused on mitigating the impact of drought.
National Extension Service (NES) in India was initiated on:
✅ Explanation: The National Extension Service (NES) was launched in India on October 2, 1953, with the aim of extending community development programs and agricultural extension services to rural areas across the country.
First Agricultural University in India was established at:
✅ Explanation: The first agricultural university in India, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, was indeed established in Pantnagar, Uttarakhand (formerly part of Uttar Pradesh) in 1960. It was named after the then Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Govind Ballabh Pant. It was a pioneering institution in agricultural education and research.
From among the following identify one which is three-tier system of the local self-government:
✅ Explanation: The three-tier system of the Panchayati Raj is a framework for rural local self-government in India. It comprises of:Gram Panchayat (Village level): The basic unit at the village level.Khand Samiti/Panchayat Samiti (Block level): A body of elected representatives from multiple Gram Panchayats within a block.Zila Parishad (District level): The highest tier at the district level.
Which of the following are the elements of the communication process?
✅ Explanation: These are the fundamental elements of the communication process:● Source: The message originator.● Message: The information or content being conveyed.● Channel: The medium through which the message travels (e.g., airwaves, print, digital platforms).● Receiver: The person or group who receives and interprets the message.
Extension education is:
✅ Explanation: Extension education is considered both a discipline and a profession. As a discipline, it has a body of knowledge, theories, and principles that guide its practice. As a profession, it involves specialized skills, training, and ethical standards for practitioners.
Which one is not a mode of radio broadcast?
✅ Explanation: Lectures are typically associated with formal educational settings and are not a common mode of radio broadcasting. Radio broadcasts usually focus on shorter, more engaging formats like talks, interviews, and music.
Which of the following is not a form of social interaction?
✅ Explanation: While coordination can be a result of social interaction, it is not a form of social interaction itself. It is a process that can occur within a social interaction, but it is not the interaction itself. Competition, cooperation, and conflict are all forms of social interaction, as they involve individuals or groups interacting with each other in different ways.
Which of the following pair is not matched?
✅ Explanation: Mass media refers to channels of communication that reach a large audience, such as television, radio, and newspapers. Demonstrations, on the other hand, are a method of communication that involves showing how something is done to a smaller group of people.📌 Other Options Explanations:● Option A: David Berlo is known for his SMCR (Source, Message, Channel, Receiver) model of communication.● Option B: Rural weakers often refers to small and marginal farmers who are economically and socially disadvantaged.● Option D: The Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) was a government initiative in India that aimed to help the poorest of the poor by providing them with assets and skills to generate income.
In the case of diffusion of innovation, the overt behavior means:
✅ Explanation: Overt behavior in the diffusion of innovation refers to the observable action taken by an individual after being exposed to a new idea or product. This action can either be adoption (accepting and using the innovation) or rejection (deciding not to use it).
Which is the traditional media of communication?
✅ Explanation: Ram Leela is a traditional form of folk theater in India that depicts the life of Lord Rama. It has been a popular medium of communication for centuries, conveying cultural and religious messages to large audiences.
General meetings are broadly the meetings of:
✅ Explanation: General meetings are typically open to a diverse group of people with varying backgrounds, interests, and opinions, hence the term heterogeneous participation.📌 Other Options Explanations:● (b) Homogenous participation: Homogenous participation implies that participants share similar characteristics.
Campaign is an:
✅ Explanation: A campaign is a concentrated effort to promote a specific idea, product, or service within a short period. In the context of extension education, it involves intensive teaching to raise awareness and encourage adoption of a particular practice.📌 Other Options Explanations:● (b) Extensive teaching: Extensive teaching is broader and covers a wider range of topics over a longer period.
Programme planning is a procedure of:
✅ Explanation: Programme planning in extension emphasizes collaboration and participation of the target audience. It involves working together with the people to identify needs, set goals, and develop strategies to achieve those goals.
A series of still pictures on one roll is called:
✅ Explanation: A film strip is a roll of film containing a series of still images that are projected onto a screen. It was a popular visual aid in education and extension before the advent of digital technology.📌 Other Options Explanations:● Option A (Channel): A channel is a medium through which communication occurs.● Option C (Mock-up): A mock-up is a scale model or replica of a design, used for evaluation or testing.● Option D (Blackboard): A blackboard is a reusable writing surface.
_______ is a unit of two or more people in reciprocal communication and interaction with each other.
✅ Explanation: A group is defined as two or more individuals who interact and influence one another. They share common goals, norms, and a sense of belonging. The key characteristic highlighted in the question is "reciprocal communication and interaction," which is a fundamental aspect of a group.
In India, slightly less than half the villages are inhabited by < _____ persons:
✅ Explanation: According to the 2011 Census of India, approximately 49% of villages have a population of less than 500 people. This indicates that slightly less than half of the villages in India are inhabited by fewer than 500 individuals.
About __% Indian villages have a human population of less than ____:
✅ Explanation: According to the 2011 Census of India, approximately 74% of villages have a population of less than 1000 people. This aligns with the statement that about 3/4 (or 75%) of Indian villages have a population under a certain threshold.
NREP was started in the year ____:
✅ Explanation: The National Rural Employment Programme (NREP) was launched in India in 1977.
The government-sponsored Firka development scheme of Madras state was launched in:
✅ Explanation: The Firka Development Scheme was a rural development initiative launched in the Madras Presidency (now Tamil Nadu) in 1946. It aimed to improve the living conditions in villages and create an active and intelligent interest in their problems among the villagers, making them self-confident and self-reliant.
The first KVK, Pondicherry was established in 1974 related with:
✅ Explanation: KVK stands for Krishi Vigyan Kendra, which are agricultural extension centers established by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). The first KVK in Pondicherry was indeed established in 1974 under the aegis of ICAR.📌 Other Options Explanations:● (a) RAU, Pusa: RAU stands for Rajendra Agricultural University, located in Pusa, Bihar.● (b) TNU, Coimbatore: TNU means Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, in Coimbatore.● (c) AAU, Hyderabad: AAU means Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, in Hyderabad.
The Village Panchayat Act came into existence in:
✅ Explanation: The Village Panchayat Act was enacted in 1958 to establish and regulate the functioning of village panchayats as local self-government bodies in India.
Lab to land programme was launched by the ICAR as a part of its _____ jubilee celebrations in 1979.
✅ Explanation: The Lab to Land Programme was launched by ICAR in 1979 as part of its Golden Jubilee celebrations (50 years). It aimed to transfer the results of agricultural research from laboratories to farmers' fields for practical application.
The University Education Commission was headed by Dr. S. Radhakrishnan, recommended the establishment of:
✅ Explanation: The University Education Commission was set up in 1948 under the chairmanship of Dr. S. Radhakrishnan. The commission made several recommendations to improve and reorganize higher education in India. One of its key recommendations was the establishment of rural universities. The idea behind this recommendation was to make higher education accessible to students in rural areas and to promote rural development through education. The University Education Commission, under Dr. S. Radhakrishnan, emphasized the need for both urban and rural universities to cater to the diverse educational needs of India and promote balanced development.
The Government of India set up Planning Commission in:
✅ Explanation: The Planning Commission of India, responsible for formulating five-year plans for the country's economic development, was established in 1950.
The Chairman of Planning Commission is:
✅ Explanation: The Prime Minister of India traditionally held the position of Chairman of the Planning Commission. The Planning Commission was responsible for formulating five-year plans for the country's economic development.
Operational Research Projects (ORP) were initiated in:
✅ Explanation: Operational Research Projects (ORP) were introduced in India in 1966-67. These projects aimed to apply scientific methods to improve agricultural practices and increase productivity.
State Agricultural Universities in India were set up on the pattern of Land Grant College of:
✅ Explanation: The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) in India were established based on the model of Land Grant Colleges in the United States. These colleges focused on agricultural education, research, and extension services.
The term community development appears to have originated from ____ in England in 1946.
✅ Explanation: The term "community development" is believed to have originated in Cambridge, England, around 1946.
Among the community, voluntary agencies are characterized by:
✅ Explanation: Voluntary agencies in the community are typically characterized by greater commitment because their members are often motivated by a strong sense of purpose and dedication to social causes, rather than financial incentives. These agencies usually focus on providing services and support to communities, especially in areas where the government or other formal institutions may not have a strong presence.
The objectives of education are decided by:
✅ Explanation: Normative sciences deal with values, norms, and ethics, which are fundamental in determining the objectives and goals of education. They provide a framework for what education should aim to achieve in terms of individual and societal development.
B.R. Mehta team stimulated an active consideration of ______ through democratic bodies in India.
✅ Explanation: The B.R. Mehta Committee, established in 1957, played a crucial role in recommending and promoting the decentralization of power in India. It advocated for the establishment of Panchayati Raj institutions (local self-government bodies) to empower people at the grassroots level and increase their participation in democratic processes.
The key village scheme was initiated in August 1952 comprising the first systematic attempt to improve the:
✅ Explanation: The key village scheme, launched in 1952, primarily focused on improving the breeding and management practices for buffaloes and cattle to enhance their productivity and milk yield.
Most people retain ____% of what they read.
✅ Explanation: Research indicates that most people retain around 10-15% of what they read. This is due to various factors, including reading speed, comprehension level, and the type of material being read.
Symposium is a short series of lectures; usually by _______ speakers.
✅ Explanation: A symposium typically involves a small group of experts (2-5) presenting their views on a specific topic.
Phillips 66 format or hurdle system is related with
✅ Explanation: The Phillips 66 method, also known as the buzz session, is a group discussion technique where participants are divided into smaller groups of six to discuss a topic for six minutes.📌 Other Options Explanations:● Option A (Panel): A panel discussion involves a group of experts discussing a topic in front of an audience.● Option D (Workshop): A workshop is a more interactive and hands-on learning experience.
Small group interaction designed to encourage the free introduction of ideas on an unrestricted basis without any limitations to feasibility is known as
✅ Explanation: Brainstorming is a group creativity technique designed to generate a large number of ideas for the solution to a problem. The process encourages people to think freely and come up with as many ideas as possible, without judging or evaluating them at the initial stage. 📌 Other Options Explanations:● (a) Conference: A conference is a formal meeting where participants exchange views on a particular topic.● (b) Seminar: A seminar is a form of academic instruction, either at a university or offered by a commercial or professional organization. ● (c) Buzz session: A buzz session is a short discussion among a group of people, typically during a meeting or conference.
____ essentially follow the seminar method and the focus is on any particular subject or problem.
✅ Explanation: Syndicate studies involve a small group of individuals who collaboratively study a specific topic or problem, similar to a seminar but with a more structured and focused approach.📌 Other Options Explanations:● (a) Workshop: A workshop is a meeting at which a group of people engage in intensive discussion and activity on a particular subject or project. ● (c) Institute: An institute is an organization having a particular purpose, especially one that is involved with science, education, or a specific profession.
Newspaper articles are included in which method of extension?
✅ Explanation: Newspaper articles are a form of mass media, reaching a large audience simultaneously.📌 Other Options Explanations:● (a) Individual: Individual methods involve one-on-one communication, such as personal visits or phone calls.● (b) Group: Group methods involve communication with a small gathering of people, like group discussions or demonstrations.
Stay at home type of people can be contacted by which method of extension?
✅ Explanation: "Stay at home" individuals are best reached through individual methods, such as home visits or personal calls, as they may not participate in group or mass activities.📌 Other Options Explanations:● (b) Group Group methods involve communication with a small gathering of people, like group discussions or demonstrations.● (c) Mass: Mass methods like newspapers or radio may not effectively reach or engage individuals who stay at home.
Less intensive and less effective method of extension is
✅ Explanation: Mass extension methods, such as TV broadcasts or newspaper articles, reach a large audience but offer limited interaction and personalization, making them less intensive and potentially less effective than individual or group methods.
Flash cards, pull charts, slides, and film strips are the type of aids:
✅ Explanation: Flash cards, pull charts, slides, and film strips are primarily visual aids because they rely on images and text to convey information. They do not have an audio component.
____ is essentially a recognizable imitation or replica of the original, whether workable or not.
✅ Explanation: A model is a representation or copy of an object, typically on a smaller scale, that captures the essential features of the original. Models can be used for various purposes, such as demonstration, education, or testing.📌 Other Options Explanations:● (b) Specimens: A specimen is a sample of a substance or material used for analysis or study.● (c) Mock-up: A mock-up is a prototype or rough model of a product or system, often used for testing or demonstration.
A working model is known as:
✅ Explanation: A mock-up is a working model of a product or system, used for testing, demonstration, design evaluation, or other purposes. It is a prototype that is not fully functional but allows for interaction and testing of certain features.📌 Other Options Explanations:● (a) Objects: An object is a material thing that can be seen and touched.● (b) Model: A model is a three-dimensional representation of a person or thing or of a proposed structure, typically on a smaller scale than the original. ● (d) Poster: A poster is a large printed picture used for decoration or advertisement.
Real objects taken out of their natural settings are called:
✅ Explanation: A specimen is a sample of a substance or material used for analysis or study, especially something prepared for display in a museum or for scientific research.📌 Other Options Explanations:● (a) Objects: An object is a material thing that can be seen and touched.● (c) Model: A model is a three-dimensional representation of a person or thing or of a proposed structure, typically on a smaller scale than the original. ● (d) Mock-up: A mock-up is a prototype or rough model of a product or system, often used for testing or demonstration.
Sound can be recorded in _______ ways.
✅ Explanation: Sound can be recorded in three main ways:Mechanical Recording: This is the oldest method, where sound waves are directly inscribed onto a physical medium like a wax cylinder or vinyl record.Magnetic Recording: This involves converting sound waves into electrical signals and then storing them as magnetic patterns on a tape or other magnetic media.Optical Recording: This method uses light to store sound information. This is the method used in CDs and DVDs.
The disc recording is made by the _______ process.
✅ Explanation:Disc recording, particularly in the context of older vinyl records, is made by a mechanical process. Sound vibrations are directly inscribed onto the disc's surface through physical grooves.📌 Other Options Explanations:● (b) Magnetic: This is used in tape recordings and hard disk drives.● (c) Optical: This is used in CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs.
Tape and wire recording are made by _______ process.
✅ Explanation: Tape and wire recording utilize magnetic processes to store audio information. Sound waves are converted into electrical signals, which then magnetize tiny particles on the tape or wire, preserving the audio data.📌 Other Options Explanations:● (b) Mechanical: This process is used in older technologies like phonographs, where sound is recorded by physically etching grooves onto a disc.● (c) Optical: This process is used in CDs and DVDs, where sound is encoded as digital data and read by a laser.
The movie film recording is made by _______
✅ Explanation: Movie film recording primarily uses an optical process. Images and sound are captured as variations in light intensity and color on the film strip.
Which one of the following is not an example of still pictures?
✅ Explanation: All the given options (drawing, painting, and etching) are examples of still pictures. Still pictures are visual representations that are static and do not have movement.● Option A (Drawing): Drawings are static images created using various tools like pencils, pens, or charcoal.● Option B (Painting): Paintings are artworks created using pigments and applied to a surface, typically canvas.● Option C (Etching): Etching is a printmaking technique where an image is incised into a metal plate, resulting in a still image on paper.
Visual teaching aid flannel graph is also known as:
✅ Explanation: Flannel graph is a visual aid used in teaching, where figures or objects are placed on a flannel board to illustrate a concept. It is also known as a Khadder graph due to the use of khadder (coarse cotton cloth) as the base material.
Flash cards are a series of illustrated cards when flashed or presented before a group in proper sequence tell a:
✅ Explanation: Flash cards are designed to visually represent a story in a sequence, conveying the complete narrative. Each card typically illustrates a scene or element of the story, and when presented in order, they guide the audience through the entire storyline.
ABC of posters means:
✅ Explanation: The ABC of posters emphasizes the key elements that make a poster effective:● Attractive: Visually appealing to capture attention.● Brief: Conveying the message concisely.● Clear: Easily understandable and unambiguous.
_______ consist of a series of individual charts which are bound together and hung on a supporting stand.
✅ Explanation: Flip charts consist of large sheets of paper bound together at the top, allowing the presenter to flip through them while presenting. They are commonly used in training, presentations, and brainstorming sessions.📌 Other Options Explanations:● Option A (Bar Charts): Bar charts are a type of graph used to represent data visually.● Option B (Job charts): Job charts are used to outline tasks and responsibilities within a project or organization.● Option D (Tree charts): Tree charts are used to illustrate hierarchical relationships, like family trees or organizational structures.
_______ is the process by which two or more people exchange ideas, facts, feelings or impressions.
✅ Explanation: Communication is the fundamental process of exchanging information, ideas, feelings, or impressions between individuals or groups.
The communication process in Rural development is written by
✅ Explanation: J. Paul Leagans is a renowned author and expert in the field of extension education and communication, and he wrote the book "The communication process in Rural development."📌 Other Options Explanations:● Option B (Berlo): David K. Berlo is another prominent communication theorist known for his SMCR model of communication.
Leagans model of communication process is
✅ Explanation: Leagans' model of communication focuses on the specific context of rural development and extension education. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the audience, tailoring the message (treatment), and considering the feedback loop (audience response). This model is particularly relevant in contexts where communication aims to bring about behavioral changes or improvements in agricultural practices.
______ is a plan of work arranged chronologically.
✅ Explanation: A calendar of work is a schedule that organizes tasks and activities in a chronological order, ensuring timely completion and coordination.📌 Other Options Explanations:● Option A (A project): A project encompasses the entire scope of work, including objectives, resources, and timelines.● Option C (A plan of work): A plan of work outlines the steps and tasks involved in a project.● Option D (Programme planning): Programme planning involves the overall design and coordination of multiple activities and projects.
A sound extension programme building based on
✅ Explanation: A sound extension program requires a comprehensive approach that involves all the listed options:● Analysis of the facts in the situation: Understanding the existing conditions, resources, and challenges is crucial for designing a relevant program.● Select problems based on needs: Prioritizing the most pressing issues ensures that the program addresses the real needs of the target audience.● Determine objective and solutions: Clearly defining objectives and identifying appropriate solutions helps in creating a focused and effective program.
______ are expressions of the ends towards which our efforts are directed.
✅ Explanation: Objectives are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) statements that outline the desired outcomes of a program or effort. They guide actions and decisions toward achieving the broader goals.📌 Other Options Explanations:● (a) Goal: A goal is a broad, overarching aim or desired result, while objectives are the specific steps taken to achieve that goal.● (c) Communication: Communication is the process of exchanging information, ideas, or feelings.
______ is defined as the distance in any given direction one expects to go during a given period of time.
✅ Explanation: A goal represents the desired outcome or target that an individual or organization aims to achieve over a specified time frame. It provides direction and purpose to efforts and actions.📌 Other Options Explanations:● Option B (Objectives): Objectives are specific, measurable steps taken to achieve a broader goal.● Option C (Needs): Needs represent the things that are required or desired.● Option D (Message): A message is a communication conveyed from one person or group to another.
The ultimate objective of extension work is the full development of ______.
✅ Explanation: The ultimate aim of extension work is to empower and develop individuals, enhancing their knowledge, skills, and overall well-being. While groups, masses, and villages are part of the broader context, the focus is on improving the lives of individuals within those communities.
The gap between the situation and objective is the area of ______.
✅ Explanation: The difference between the current situation and the desired objective highlights the needs that must be addressed to bridge the gap. These needs can be in various forms, such as knowledge, skills, resources, or infrastructure.
First step for making a programme planning includes
✅ Explanation: The first step in program planning is to thoroughly analyze the existing situation and identify the key problems or issues that need to be addressed. This forms the basis for setting objectives and designing effective interventions.
The main objective of evaluation in extension is
✅ Explanation: Evaluation in extension aims to provide systematic and objective information about the program's progress, outcomes, and impact. This information is crucial for making informed decisions about the program's continuation, improvement, or modifications. It is essential to avoid jumping to conclusions and base decisions on reliable evidence gathered through evaluation.
In good administration, the offices of a _____ are arranged in a pyramid of authority and responsibility.
✅ Explanation: Bureaucracy is a system of administration characterized by a hierarchical structure with clear lines of authority and responsibility. This pyramid-like structure ensures efficient decision-making and accountability.📌 Other Options Explanations:● Autocracy: A system of government where one person holds absolute power.● Monarchy: A system of government where a king or queen rules.● Democracy: A system of government where power is vested in the people.
Farm demonstration work began in _____ in the USA by Dr. Seaman.
✅ Explanation: Dr. Seaman A. Knapp, a pioneer in agricultural extension, initiated the first farm demonstration in the USA in 1903. This marked the beginning of a systematic approach to agricultural education and technology transfer.
Which of the following is not correct?
✅ Explanation: All the given options are correct.● Option A (Department of revenue, agriculture and commerce - 1871): This department was indeed established in 1871 in British India to oversee matters related to revenue collection, agriculture, and trade.● Option B (The famine commission - 1880): The first Famine Commission was set up in 1880 to investigate the causes of famines and recommend preventive measures.● Option C (The irrigation commission - 1901): The Irrigation Commission was formed in 1901 to assess the irrigation needs of the country and propose strategies for development.
The Royal commission's report came in:
✅ Explanation: The Royal Commission on Agriculture, also known as the Linlithgow Commission, was appointed in 1926 and submitted its report in 1928. The report comprehensively analyzed the state of agriculture in India and made recommendations for its improvement.
Grow more food campaign was started in:
✅ Explanation: The Grow More Food campaign was launched in 1947 immediately after India's independence. The partition of the country had led to food shortages, and this campaign aimed to increase food production to achieve self-sufficiency.
Intensive Agricultural Development Programme (IADP) popularly also known as package programme started originally in 7 districts in:
✅ Explanation: The Intensive Agricultural District Programme (IADP) was launched in 1960-61 as a pilot project in seven districts across India. It aimed to increase agricultural productivity through a package approach involving improved seeds, fertilizers, irrigation, and credit.
Intensive Agriculture Area Programme came into operation in:
✅ Explanation: The Intensive Agricultural Area Programme (IAAP) was indeed launched in March 1964. It was an extension of the Intensive Agricultural District Programme (IADP) and aimed to extend the benefits of the package program approach to a larger number of districts.
For social justice, the government started new programs:
✅ Explanation: The Indian government launched several programs to address social justice issues in agriculture. These included:● Small Farmers Development Agency (SFDA): This program aimed to improve the economic conditions of small and marginal farmers.● Marginal Farmers and Agriculture Laborers Scheme (MFAL): This scheme focused on providing financial assistance and support to marginal farmers and agricultural laborers.● Drought Prone Area Programme: This program aimed to mitigate the impact of droughts on vulnerable communities.
______ is a dominant social institution permeating social and economic relations.
✅ Explanation: Caste is a social institution in India that profoundly influences social and economic relations. It is a hierarchical system that assigns individuals to specific groups based on birth, determining their occupation, social status, and interactions with others.
Rural community differ from urban community in relation to:
✅ Explanation: Rural and urban communities differ in multiple aspects, including population density, culture, and environment:● Population density: Rural areas typically have lower population density compared to the higher concentration of people in urban areas.● Culture: Rural communities often have distinct cultural practices, traditions, and social norms that may differ from those in urban areas.● Environment: Rural areas are characterized by a predominantly natural environment with agricultural activities, while urban areas have a built environment with infrastructure and industries.
______ believes that if you leave workers alone the work will be done.
✅ Explanation: A laissez-faire leader follows a hands-off approach, providing minimal guidance and allowing individuals or groups to make their own decisions and manage their work independently.📌 Other Options Explanations:● Option A (Autocratic leader): Autocratic leaders make decisions without input from others and exercise tight control over their subordinates.● Option B (Democratic leader): Democratic leaders involve others in decision-making and encourage participation.
...is one who has received specialized training in the field in which he work[s] as full time and [is] paid for work.
✅ Explanation: A professional leader is someone who has undergone formal education, training, and experience in their specific field of work. They are typically employed full-time and compensated for their expertise and skills.📌 Other Options Explanations:● Option A (Operational leader): An operational leader focuses on the day-to-day management and execution of tasks.
Best method for selection of leader is:
✅ Explanation: Sociometry is a quantitative method for measuring social relationships. It can be used to identify leaders within a group based on the patterns of interaction and preferences among members.
______ are those things which a person ought or ought not to do in society.
✅ Explanation: Mores are the essential or characteristic customs and conventions of a community. They are the norms that are considered to be morally significant and are strictly enforced.📌 Other Options Explanations:● (a) Taboo: Taboos are prohibitions against specific behaviors or practices considered to be extremely offensive or sacred.● (c) Folkways: Folkways are the everyday customs and conventions of a society, such as manners of dress, eating habits, and social etiquette.● (d) Ritual: Rituals are formal, ceremonial behaviors that are often associated with religious or cultural practices.
At the adoption stage, information sources is:
✅ Explanation: At the adoption stage, the individual has already gone through the awareness, interest, and evaluation stages and is now putting the innovation into practice. Hence, the most crucial information source at this stage is the self-experience gained during the trial stage.
Adopter category which respect and regarded by many others in the social system as a role model are:
✅ Explanation: Early adopters are often seen as opinion leaders in their social circles. They are respected for their willingness to try new things and are often sought out for advice. This makes them role models for others who may be considering adopting a new innovation.📌 Other Options Explanations:● Option A (Innovators): Innovators are the first to adopt a new idea or technology. They are risk-takers and adventurous.● Option C (Late majority): The late majority adopts innovations after they have been proven by others. They are skeptical and cautious.● Option D (Laggards): Laggards are the last to adopt an innovation, often resistant to change.
The leader of the Bhoodan movement was:
✅ Explanation: Acharya Vinoba Bhave was a prominent Indian social reformer and spiritual leader. He initiated the Bhoodan Movement (Land Gift Movement) in 1951, aiming to persuade wealthy landowners to voluntarily donate a portion of their land to the landless poor.📌 Other Options Explanations:● Spencer Hatch: He was a pioneer of rural education and development in India. He launched the Gurgaon project in 1920.● F.L. Brayne: He was a British administrator known for his work in rural reconstruction. He started the Marthandam project in 1928.● T. Prakasam: He was a political leader and the first Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh. He started Firka development in 1946.
Young Farmers Association was formed in India under the guidance of Dr. P. S. Deshmukh in:
✅ Explanation: The Young Farmers Association (YFA) was indeed formed in India in April 1956. Dr. Panjabrao S. Deshmukh, the then Minister of Agriculture, played a key role in its establishment. The YFA aimed to involve young people in agriculture and allied activities, promoting their leadership and technical skills.
National commission on farmers was set up in India in:
✅ Explanation: The National Commission on Farmers (NCF) was established in February 2004 by the Government of India. Its primary objective was to address the issues faced by farmers and improve their livelihoods. It was chaired by Dr. M.S. Swaminathan, a renowned agricultural scientist.
Who was the first chairman of National Commission on Farmers?
✅ Explanation: Dr. M.S. Swaminathan, a renowned agricultural scientist and the architect of India's Green Revolution, was the first chairman of the National Commission on Farmers (NCF). He is known for his significant contributions to agricultural research and policymaking.
National Agricultural Science Museum was inaugurated on 3rd Nov, 2004 by:
✅ Explanation: The National Agricultural Science Museum, located in New Delhi, was inaugurated on November 3, 2004, by the then President of India, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam. He was known for his keen interest in science and technology, and his presence at the inauguration highlighted the importance of agricultural science in India.
National Agricultural Science Museum is located at:
✅ Explanation: The National Agricultural Science Museum is located in New Delhi, India. It showcases the history and development of agriculture in the country.
National food for work programme was launched on:
✅ Explanation: The National Food for Work Programme was launched on November 14, 2004, by the Indian government as a poverty alleviation and employment generation scheme.
National food for work programme implemented as a:
✅ Explanation: The National Food for Work Programme was initially implemented as a 100% centrally sponsored scheme, meaning the central government funded the entire program.
Swaranjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) was launched in:
✅ Explanation: The Swaranjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) was launched on April 1, 1999, as a self-employment program to alleviate poverty in rural India. It aimed to provide sustainable income to families Below the Poverty Line (BPL) through a mix of bank credit and government subsidy.
The government-sponsored Firka development scheme was launched under the guidance of:
✅ Explanation: The Firka Development Scheme was launched in the Madras Presidency (now Tamil Nadu) in 1946 under the guidance of T. Prakasam, who served as the Chief Minister of Madras Presidency from 1946 to 1947.
In India, ______ of the total population lives in villages.
✅ Explanation: Historically, India has been a predominantly rural country, with a majority of its population residing in villages. While the share of the urban population has been steadily increasing, around two-thirds of the Indian population still lives in rural areas.
National Agriculture Technology Project was started in:
✅ Explanation: The National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP) was launched in November 1998, with World Bank assistance, to strengthen and complement the existing resources and to augment the output of the National Agricultural Research System (NARS). It was initiated by the Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India with the financial assistance of World Bank. 📌 Other Options Explanations:Option A (1995-96): In 1995, the Rural Infrastructure Development Fund (RIDF) was established to provide loans for rural infrastructure projects.Option C (2000-01): The Technology Mission on Cotton (TMC) was launched in 2000 to improve the competitiveness of the cotton industry.Option D (2002-03): The Macro Management of Agriculture scheme was launched in 2000-01 to incentivize states to increase investment in agriculture.
NATP was funded from:
✅ Explanation: The National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP) was primarily funded by the World Bank, with additional support from the Government of India. The project received World Bank funding to support its various agricultural development initiatives and programs.
National Institute of Agriculture Marketing (NIAM) is located at
✅ Explanation: The National Institute of Agricultural Marketing (NIAM) is situated in Jaipur, Rajasthan. It is an autonomous body under the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India. It plays a crucial role in agricultural marketing research, training, and education.