Irrigation Agronomy Test 1 — Agri Master Mind
Assertion: Drip irrigation is more water-efficient than traditional surface irrigation methods. Reasoning: Drip irrigation delivers water directly to field, which minimizing evaporation and runoff.
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion
- Assertion is true but reason is false
- Both Assertion and Reason are False
Assertion: Canal irrigation systems are prone to water wastage due to seepage and evaporation. Reasoning: Canals expose a large surface area to the atmosphere, leading to significant water losses.
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion
- Assertion is true but reason is false
- Both Assertion and Reason are False
Assertion: Rainwater harvesting is a sustainable and eco-friendly method of irrigation. Reasoning: Rainwater harvesting reduces dependency on conventional water sources and minimizes the ecological impact.
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion
- Assertion is true but reason is false
- Both Assertion and Reason are False
Assertion: Sprinkler irrigation is suitable for a variety of crops, including those with delicate foliage. Reasoning: Sprinkler irrigation provides a uniform water distribution, minimizing damage to sensitive plant structures.
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion
- Assertion is true but reason is false
- Both Assertion and Reason are False
Assertion: Gravity-based irrigation systems are cost-effective but may not be suitable for uneven terrains. Reasoning: Gravity irrigation relies on the natural slope of the land for water movement, which can be challenging in irregular landscapes.
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion
- Assertion is true but reason is false
- Both Assertion and Reason are False
Assertion: Drought-resistant crops are essential for sustainable irrigation in arid regions. Reasoning: Drought-resistant crops require more water, making them well-suited for areas with limited water resources.
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion
- Assertion is true but reason is false
- Both Assertion and Reason are False
Assertion: The use of modern technology, such as soil moisture sensors, reduce the efficiency of irrigation. Reasoning: Soil moisture sensors provide real-time data, allowing farmers to optimize water usage based on actual soil conditions.
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion
- Assertion is true but reason is false
- Both Assertion and Reason are False
Assertion: Surface irrigation systems help reduce water wastage by delivering water directly to the plant root zone. Reasoning: Surface irrigation minimizes evaporation losses and ensures efficient water utilization.
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion
- Assertion is true but reason is false
- Both Assertion and Reason are False
Assertion: Over-irrigation can lead to soil salinization, negatively impacting crop growth. Reasoning: Excessive water application can dissolve salts in the soil, raising the salinity level and hindering plant nutrient absorption.
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion
- Assertion is true but reason is false
- Both Assertion and Reason are False
Assertion: Efficient water management practices, including crop rotation and cover cropping, contribute to sustainable irrigation. Reasoning: Crop rotation and cover cropping help improve soil structure, reduce water runoff, and enhance overall water-use efficiency.
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion
- Assertion is true but reason is false
- Both Assertion and Reason are False
Assertion: Sandy soils retain water better than Clayey soils. Reasoning: Sandy soils have small particle sizes, allowing for better water drainage.
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion
- Assertion is true but reason is false
- Both Assertion and Reason are False
Assertion: Loam soils are considered ideal for plant growth. Reasoning: Loam soils have a balanced mixture of sand, silt, and clay, providing good drainage and nutrient retention.
- Both assertion and reasoning are true, and the reasoning correctly explains the assertion.
- Both assertion and reasoning are true, but the reasoning does not correctly explain the assertion.
- Assertion is true, but the reasoning is false.
- Both assertion and reasoning are false.
Assertion: Water holding capacity is higher in soils with organic matter. Reasoning: Organic matter destroyed soil structure, creating more pore spaces for water retention.
- Both assertion and reasoning are true, and the reasoning correctly explains the assertion.
- Both assertion and reasoning are true, but the reasoning does not correctly explain the assertion.
- Assertion is true, but the reasoning is false.
- Both assertion and reasoning are false.
Assertion: Compacted soils often lead to poor water infiltration. Reasoning: Soil compaction reduces pore spaces, limiting the movement of water through the soil.
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion
- Assertion is true but reason is false
- Both Assertion and Reason are False
Assertion: Capillary rise is more pronounced in soils with finer particles. Reasoning: The smaller particles create stronger capillary forces, allowing water to move upward in the soil.
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion
- Assertion is true but reason is false
- Both Assertion and Reason are False
Assertion: Saline soils have lower water availability for plants. Reasoning: High salt content in the soil increase the osmotic potential, making it harder for plants to take up water.
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion
- Assertion is true but reason is false
- Both Assertion and Reason are False
Assertion: The wilting point is the moisture content at which plants can no longer extract water from the soil. Reasoning: It occurs when the soil moisture potential is too low for plants to overcome the resistance in the soil.
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion
- Assertion is true but reason is false
- Both Assertion and Reason are False
Assertion: Irrigation scheduling is crucial for optimizing water use in agriculture. Reasoning: Proper timing and amount of irrigation help maintain optimal soil moisture levels for crop growth.
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion
- Assertion is true but reason is false
- Both Assertion and Reason are False
Assertion: Waterlogged soils can lead to oxygen deficiency in plant roots. Reasoning: Excess water in the soil fills air spaces, restricting the availability of oxygen to plant roots.
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion
- Assertion is true but reason is false
- Both Assertion and Reason are False
Assertion: Flow meters are commonly used in irrigation systems. Reasoning: Flow meters provide accurate measurements of water flow rates, aiding in efficient water management.
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion
- Assertion is true but reason is false
- Both Assertion and Reason are False
Assertion: Pressure sensors are essential for monitoring irrigation water distribution. Reasoning: Pressure sensors help in detecting and addressing issues such as leaks or blockages in the irrigation system.
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion
- Assertion is true but reason is false
- Both Assertion and Reason are False
Assertion: Soil moisture sensors are used to determine the water content in the soil. Reasoning: Monitoring soil moisture helps in optimizing irrigation schedules and preventing overwatering.
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion
- Assertion is true but reason is false
- Both Assertion and Reason are False
Assertion: Evapotranspiration is a crucial factor in irrigation water management. Reasoning: Evapotranspiration represents the combined loss of water through evaporation from the soil and transpiration from plants.
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion
- Assertion is true but reason is false
- Both Assertion and Reason are False
Assertion: Weather-based irrigation controllers adjust watering schedules based on climatic conditions. Reasoning: These controllers use real-time weather data to optimize irrigation, promoting water conservation.
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
- Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is NOT the correct explanation of Assertion
- Assertion is true but reason is false
- Both Assertion and Reason are False
Water that is available to the plants and readily absorbed is
- a. Gravitational water
- c. Rain water
- b. Hygroscopic water
- d. Capillary water
Water that occurs as thin film (4 to 5 milli micron) and held with a tension of 31 atmosphere or more and not available to plants is
- a. Hygroscopic water
- b. Capillary water
- c. Gravitational water
- d. Surface water
The most common means of expressing soil water content is the…….of water associated with theirs pecified quantity of soil solids.
- a. Volume
- b. Weight
- c. Vapour
- d. None of these
4. Indirect methods of measuring soil water content is
- a. Gravimetric
- b. Volumetric
- c. Neutron moisture meter
- d. None of these
5. The percentage of water in the soil 48-72 hours after rainorirrigation, the soil is said to be at........
- a. Incipient wilting point
- b. Field capacity
- c. Permanent wilting point
- d. None of these
6. Wherever one irrigation is available, the wheat crop should be irrigated at
- a. CRI stage
- b. Tillering stage
- c. Flowering stage
- d. Milking stage
7. The identified critical stage of irrigation in barley is
- a. Tillering
- b. Flowering
- c. Both of these
- d. Maturity
8. The method of irrigation exclusive for low land rice is
- a. Check basin
- b.Flooding
- c. Drip
- d. Sprinkler
9. Which of the following statements refers to the concept of critical stage of irrigation?
- a. When irrigation is not given reduction of yield is a maximum
- b. When water absorption rate is maximum
- c. When water loss by the plant is maximum
- d. All of these
10. Water use efficiency is maximum in
- a. C3, plants
- b. C4, plants
- c. CAM plants
- d. None of these
11. Which of the following criteria of irrigation scheduling is a more acceptable to farmers?
- a. Soil moisture tension
- b. Pan evaporation
- c. Water potential of plant
- d. Critical growth stages
12. One hectare meter is equal to………….. m³ of water
- a. 100
- b. 1000
- c. 10000
- d. 100000
13. 1 ha cm of irrigation water is equal to
- a. 1000 litres
- b. 10000 litres
- c. 100000 liters
- d. 1000000 liters
14. Water available to plants to the maximum extent is one that is held
- a. At permanent wilting point
- b. At temporary wilting point
- c. Between field capacity and wilting point
- d. At 20 atmospheres
15. Hygroscopic water, which occurs as thin film held tenaceously around soil particles with a tension of 31 atmosphere or more, is :
- a. Readily available to plants
- b. Not available to plants
- c. Hármful to plants
- d. None of these.
16. Moisture present in the form of a continuous film out side hygroscopic water around soil particles and micropore spaces is called :
- a. Available moisture
- b. Interspace water
- c. Capillary water
- d. None of these
18. In most of the cases field capacity represents the water held at a tension of :
- a. 5 atmospheres
- b. 1/3 atmospheres
- c. 2 atmospheres
- d. 10 atmospheres
19. Major source of water used by the plants is
- a. Capillary water
- b. Hygroscopic water
- c. Gravitational water
- d. Inter space water
20. Capillary water will not be available to the plants if it is held at a tension of
- a. Less than 1/3 atmospheres
- b. Less than one atmosphere
- c. More than 15 atmospheres
- d. Less than 5 atmospheres
21. The moisture content at which the wilting is complete and the plant die is called the
- a. Incipient wilting
- b. Wilting coefficient
- c. Wilting range
- d. Altimate wilting point
22. Transpiration is
- a. Water loss from soil
- b. Water loss from plants
- c. Changing status of water
- d. None of these
23. Water Resource Day is celebrated on
- a. January, 22
- b. February, 22
- c. March, 11
- d. April, 22
24, One bar is equal to
- a. 0.99 atmosphere
- b. 1023 cm of water column
- c. 10 women/cm²
- d. All of these
25. Soil water potential at permanent wilting point is
- a.(-) 0.15 bar
- b. (-) 1.5 bar
- c. (-) 15 bar
- d. (-) 30 bar
26. Soil water potential at ultimate wilting point is
- a. (-) 5 bar
- b. (-) 15 bar
- c. (-) 33 bar
- d. (-) 60 bar
27. Water in excess of field capacity is termed as............ water
- a. Capillary
- b. Gravitational
- c. Available
- d. None of these
28. Instrument used for determining soil moisture constants under laboratory condition is
- a. Neutron probe
- b. Gypsum block
- c. Pressure plate and pressure membrane apparatus
- d. Tensiometer
29.Operational range of tensiometer in soil moisture measurement is
- a. 0 to (-) 0.5 bar
- b. 0 to (-)0.6 bar
- c. 0 to (-) 0.85 bar
- d. 0 to (-) 2.0 bar
30. Most widely used method for soil moisture determination in India is
- a Gravimetric method
- b. Gypsum blocks
- c. Tensiometer
- d. Neutron probe
31. Severe drought causes the production of ........ hormone in plant
- a. NA
- b. ABA
- c. GA
- d. IAA
33. Area irrigated under major irrigation project is
- a. > 1000 ha
- b. > 10,000 ha
- c. > 1,00,000 ha
- d. > 10,00,000 ha
34. One TMC (thousand million cubic foot) is equal to
- a. 106 cubic feet
- b. 107 cubic feet
- c. 108 cubic feeta
- d. 109 cubic feet
35. Intermittent 'on' and 'off' system is followed in irrigationsystem
- a. Check flooding
- b. Border method
- c. Surge irrigation
- d. Flat bed irrigation
36. Production is maximum for sorghum when the depletion of available soil moisture at root zone is ......%
- a. 25%
- b. 50%
- C. 75%
- d. 80%
37. Leading state in drip irrigation is
- a. Andhra Pradesh
- b. Madhya Pradesh
- c. Uttar Pradesha
- d. Maharastra
38. The unit used to express water use efficiency is
- a. Kg/ha
- b. Kg/ha mm
- c. Kg/ha m
- d. Kg/ha cm
39. Water use efficiency (kg/ha mm) of rice is around
- a. 1.0
- b. 2.0
- c. 3.0
- d. 5.0
40. The most critical stage of irrigation in sugarcane is
- a. Germination
- b. Grand growtha
- c. Flowering (arrowing)
- d. Formative stage
41. Which of the following crop requires highest water?
- a. Paddy
- b. Maize
- c. Sugarcane
- d. Cotton
42. What will be the per cent moisture if wet soil is 100g and oven dry wt is 80 g?
- a. 20
- b. 25
- c. 30
- d. 50
43. Down ward movement of water from upper layer to lower layer is called as
- a. Seepage
- b. Soil profile
- e. Percolation
- d. Infiltration
44. One cubic feet is equivalent to .............m³
- a. 35.32 m³
- b. 2.83 m³
- c. 28.3 m³
- d. 0.0283 m³
45. Water requirement of crop is equal to
- a. Consumptive use of water + application losses
- b. Consumptive use of water
- c. Consumptive use of water+application losses + waterneeded for special operations
- d. All of these
46. IWI/CPE ratio as a scheduling irrigation technique was suggested by
- a. Richards
- b. Parihar and Co-workers
- c. Penman
- d. Blaney-Criddle
47. Field water use efficiency is equal to ?
- a.
- b.
- c.
- d.
48. Crop water use efficiency is equal to ?
- a.
- b.
- c.
- d.
49. Safe irrigation water should contain boron concentration less than ?
- a. 2 ppm
- b. 6 ppm
- c. 7 ppm
- d. 8 ppm
50. Which irrigation system gives the highest irrigation efficiency?
- a. Drip irrigation
- b. Trickle method
- c. Sprinkler method
- d. Both a and b
51. Medium irrigation project should have total cultural command area of
- a. 2000 ha
- b. 2000-10000 ha in
- c. > 10000 ha
- d. None of these
52. Minor irrigation project should have total cultural command area of
- a. < 2000 ha
- b. 2000-5000 ha
- c. > 5000 ha
- d. None of these
53. The annual precipitation in India is ?
- a. 400 M ha m
- b. 500 M ha m
- c. 600 M ha m
- d. 700 M ha m
54. Gross irrigated area of India is around
- a.65 M ha
- b.87 M ha
- c.112 M ha
- d.95 M ha
55. Net irrigated area of India is around
- a.65 M ha
- b.75 M ha
- c.90 M ha
- d.95 M ha
56. Water held between (-) 0.33 to (-) 15 bar is called
- a.Available water
- b.Gravitational water
- c.Hygroscopic coefficient
- d.Field Capacitya
57. What will be CPE (Cumulative Pan Evaporation) if 6 cm irrigation is applied at 1.2 IW:CPE ratio?
- a. 25 mm
- b. 50 mm
- c. 75 mm
- d. 100 mm.
58. What will be the water use efficiency of wheat if grain yield is 45 q and water consumed is 40 cm?
- a. 10.25 kg/ha mm
- b. 12.25 kg/ha mm
- c. 13.25 kg/ha mm
- d. 11.25 kg/ha mm
59.Which instrument is used for measuring the rate of infiltration?
- a. Infiltrometer
- b. Anemometer
- c. Hygrometer
- d. Hydrometer
60 Largest irrigated area is under which dam?
- a. Nagarjuna Sagar
- b. Bakhranangal
- c. Hirakud
- d. None of these
61. The upper limit of water potential is
- a. 0
- b. (-)1
- c. (-)2
- d. None of these
62. Lysimeter quantifies
- a. Potential evaporation
- b.Potential vapotranspiration
- c.Actual-potential evapotranspiration
- d. None of these
63. Find the gross amount of water needed to irrigate if net amount of irrigation is 25 cm and irrigation efficiency is 80% ?
- a. 31.25 cm
- b. 25 cm
- c. 50 cm
- d. None of these
64. The upper limit of soil moisture availability is ?
- a. Field capacity
- b. Saturation point
- c. Wilting point
- d. None of these
65. If the amount of irrigation is 7 cm and field efficiency is 70% the gross amount of water to be applied to the field is ?
- a. 10 cm
- b. 15 cm
- c. 20 cm
- d. 25 cm
66. The quantity of fresh water on the earth is
- a. 2.7%
- b. 97%
- c. 0.02 %
- d. 77.23%
67.Which river basin has highest ground water potential?
- a. Godavaria
- b. Narmada
- c. Brahmaputra
- d. Ganga
68. Osmotic potential is due to presence of
- a. Solvents
- b. Salts
- c. Both a and b
- d. None of these
69. Negative pressure potential is often termed as
- a. Pressure potential
- b. Suction potential
- c. Matric potential
- d. None of these
70.The pressure due to salts is termed as
- a. Imbibitional pressure
- b. Suction pressure
- c. Osmotic pressure
- d. None of these
71. Based on EC, irrigation water is classified into ...categories
- a. 2
- b. 3
- c. 4
- d. 5
72. The tensiometer are suitable for soils
- a. Clayey
- b. Silty
- c. Sandy
- d. None of these
73. Tensiometer is more accurate in range of soil
- a. Dry
- b. Wet
- c. Both
- d. None of these
74. A soil with moisture content of 15% at FC and 5% at PWP has to be irrigated when 50% of the ASM is depleted. Total soil moisture content (%) at which irrigation has tobe given is
- a.25
- b.15
- c.10
- d. 5
75. One acre inch of water is equivalent to .......litres ofwater
- a. 102800
- b. 126800
- c. 14,000
- d. 18,000
76. One cubic foot of water is equivalent to ........ litres of water
- a. 102800
- b. 103
- c. 102.79
- d. 28.31
77. One cusec of water is equivalent to ...... litres per minuteof water
- a. 102800
- b. 28.31
- c. 1698.60
- d. 102.79
78. One cumec of water is equivalent to ... ...cubic meters/hour
- a. 103
- b. 3600
- c. 28.31
- d. 101.94
79. Direct method of measuring soil water is
- a. Tensiometer
- b. Gravimetric
- c.Neutron scattering
- d. None of these
80. Permeability is often used synonymous to
- a. Infiltrability
- b. Hydraulic head
- c. Hydraulic conductivity
- d. None of these
81. Downward movement of water through soil is called
- a. Permeability
- b. Percolation
- c. Infiltration
- d. Seepage
82. The first step of percolation is
- a. Infiltration
- b. Seepage
- c. Hydraulic conductivity
- d. Permeability
83. Downward and lateral movement of water in the soil is termed as
- a. Seepage
- b. Permeability
- c. Percolation
- d. Infiltration
84. % of water absorbed by the plant escapes as vapour inthe process of transpiration is
- a. 99
- b. 01
- c. 25
- d. 50
85. Water constitutes more than....% of herbaceous plants
- a. 10
- b. 50
- c. 60
- d. 80
86. The extent of water logging in India is around
- a. 6 million hectares
- b. 8 million hectares
- c. 12 million hectares
- d. 16 million hectares
87. Irrigation requirement is
- a. IR = WR
- b. IR=WR+ER
- c. IR= ER- (WR+S)
- d. IR = WR-(ER+S)
88. Water requirement is obtained by mumsm
- a. WR = IR+ER+S
- b. WR = IR- ER+S
- c. WR= IR
- d. WR=IR+ER
89. The method of irrigation involving less labour requirement is
- a. Basin
- b. Surge
- c. Border
- d. Flooding
90. The term trickle irrigation is used synonymously with
- a. Sprinkler irrigation
- b. Drip irrigation
- c. Both a & b
- d. None of these
91. The most common surface method of irrigation is
- a. Flooding
- b. Surge
- e. Check basin
- d. Basin now
92. The method of irrigation suitable for fruit crop is
- a. Flooding
- b. Check basin
- c. Basin
- d. Sprinkler
93. Corrugation is a type of irrigation
- a. Surface
- b. Furrow
- c. Sub surface
- d. None of these
94. Salt content of irrigation water is measured as
- a. CEC
- b. pH
- c. E.C.
- d. None of these
95. The indicator plant used for determining the permanent wilting poin is
- a. Wheat
- b. Safflower
- c. Sunflower
- d. Maize
96. A 24 litre capacity bucket is filled in 12 seconds by the discharge of Persian wheel, the rate of flow is
- a. 2 l/min
- b. 20 l/min
- c. 120 l/min
- d. None of these
97. A persian wheel with an average discharge of 230 l/min irrigates one hectare wheat crop in 50 hours. Theaverage depth of irrigation is
- a. 6.9 cm
- b. 7.2 cm
- c. 9.0 cm
- d. 9.6 cm
98. The area of land draining into a water course at a given location is known as
- a. Catchment area
- b. Drainage area
- c. Drainage basin
- d. All of these
99. Gravitational water in soil move through
- a. Micropores
- b. Macropores
- c. Both a & b
- d. None of these
100.Which is the rapid means of making in situ measurementof soil moisture?
- a. Neutron probe method
- b. Electrical resistance methode
- c. Tensiometer method
- d. None of these