ICAR PG Agronomy Previous Year Paper 2025 — Agri Master Mind

Question No. 1 / Question ID 22038: Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R)Assertion (A): Tillage is the chemical manipulation of soil with tools and implements.Reason (R): Tilth is a physical condition of the soil resulting from tillage. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
    1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    1. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A)
    1.  
      1.                         is true but (R) is false
    1.  
      1.                         is false but (R) is true
Question No. 2 / Question ID 22092: In India, the first fertilizer produced happened to be single superphosphate (SSP) in 1906 by EID Parry (India) Ltd. where they started production of SSP initially with the following: (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
    1. Rock phosphate and to produce SSP
    1. Bones and to produce SSP
    1. Rock phosphate and to produce SSP
    1. Rock phosphate and to produce SSP
Question No. 3 / Question ID 22012: In plant systems, which of the following roles of carbohydrates is not directly associated with their function as an energy source? (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
    1. Sucrose transport from source to sink
    1. Starch storage in plastids
    1. Cellulose synthesis in cell walls
    1. ATP generation through mitochondrial respiration
Question No. 4 / Question ID 22074: Evaporation pan has higher rates of evaporation than a large free water surface; thus to convert the observed evaporation rate to those of large water surface areas, a recommended factor is: (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
    1. 0.6
    1. 0.7
    1. 0.8
    1. 0.9
Question No. 5 / Question ID 22017: The reactions which are caused by heat and in the absence of light are called as: (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
    1. Photochemical reactions
    1. Dark reactions
    1. Reversible reactions
    1. Reversible photochemical reactions
Question No. 6 / Question ID 22058: Choose the highly corelated statements among the following:Agropyron repens is used for soil conservation.Asphodelus tenuifolius determines air pollution due to  and (C). Eichhornia crassipes is indicator plant used to identify metals (zinc and copper).(D). Tephrosia purpurea is used as a green manure. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
    1. (A), (B) and (C) only
    1. (B), (C) and (D) only
    1. (A), (C) and (D) only
    1. (A), (B), (C) and (D)
Question No. 7 / Question ID 22086: Potassium concentration in healthy plant tissues varies from: (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
    1. 0.1% to 0.5%
    1. 1% to 5%
    1. 0.01% to 0.05%
    1. 5% to 10%
Question No. 8 / Question ID 22097: Lime requirement of acid soils depends mainly on the following factors:(A). Required change to be brought in soil pH.(B). Buffering capacity of soil.(C). Chemical composition of liming material.(D). Fineness of liming material. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
    1. (A), (B) and (D) only
    1. (A), (B) and (C) only
    1. (A), (B), (C) and (D)
    1. (B), (C) and (D) only
Question No. 9 / Question ID 22069: Given below are properties of organic natural herbicides, choose the option which is not correct. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
    1. They are made from chemicals that naturally occur in nature
    1. Although they are expensive but work in every situation
    1. They are contact herbicides and applied as post-emergence
    1. Organic herbicides burn back the top of perennial weeds
Question No. 10 / Question ID 22010: Wheat crop grows in two controlled chambers: Chamber A: , 380 ppm , 21% ; Chamber B: , 200 ppm , 21% . After 3 days, Chamber B showed a significant decrease in net photosynthesis. Which best explains this? (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
    1. Rubisco undergoes thermal denaturation at high temperatures
    1. High temperature and low increase photorespiration
    1. Wheat switches to photosynthesis under heat stress
    1. The light reaction halts due to high competition at PS-I
Question No. 11: In sprinkler irrigation, a satisfactory uniformity coefficient value is: (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
    1. 65-70%
    1. 70-75%
    1. 75-80%
Question No. 12: The transformation or fate of urea in soil upon application and its subsequent utilization by crop and losses of N occurs in the sequence as: (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
    1. (A), (B), (C), (D)
    1. (A), (B), (D), (C)
    1. (B), (A), (D), (C)
    1. (C), (A), (B), (D)
Question No. 13: Which of the following best explains the observed increase in photosynthetic rate when oxygen concentration is drastically reduced for a  plant? (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
    1. Lower oxygen levels reduce photorespiration, allowing Rubisco to fix more efficiently
    1. Reduced oxygen directly increases ATP synthesis in the light reactions
    1. Oxygen is a competitive inhibitor of the light-dependent reactions
    1. The Calvin cycle requires low oxygen levels to regenerate RuBP efficiently
Question No. 14: Which one is a post-emergence herbicide in soybean that kills dicot weeds? (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
    1. Metribuzin
    1. Quizalofop-ethyl
    1. Chlorimuron-ethyl
    1. Fluchloralin
Question No. 15: In lactic acid fermentation, which of the following statements correctly describes the role of  in this process? (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
    1. is synthesized directly from ATP
    1. is reduced to NADH during the conversion of glucose to lactate
    1. is regenerated by the oxidation of NADH in the electron transport chain
    1. is regenerated during the reduction of pyruvate to lactate, allowing glycolysis to continue
Question No. 16: Read the following statements carefully and choose the correct option: (A) Fresh water is the most critical natural resource. (B) Agriculture uses 60-80% of freshwater globally. (C) Agriculture water supply should be curtailed. (D) In India, agriculture consumes about 90% of available fresh water. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
    1.  
      1.                         and (B) only
    1. (B), (C) and (D) only
    1.  
      1.                         and (D) only
    1. (A), (B) and (C) only
Question No. 17: Which of the following nutrient effect combinations are incorrectly matched? (A) N - Decline in protein; (B) N - Decline in stomata; (C) K - Increase immunity; (D) N - Poor root system. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
    1. (A), (B) and (D) are correct but (C) is incorrect
    1. (A), (B) and (C) are correct but (D) is incorrect
    1. (A), (B) and (D) are incorrect but (C) is correct
    1. (B), (C) and (D) are correct but (A) is incorrect
Question No. 18: Read the statements about Typhoon system of drip irrigation: (A) Developed in UAE; (B) Efficient for sugarcane; (C) Pipes buried 25-35 cm; (D) Saves 50% water. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
    1.  
      1.                         and (D) only
    1. (B), (C) and (D) only
    1. (A), (C) and (D) only
    1.  
      1.                         and (D) only
Question No. 19: Calculate the active ingredient and cost of herbicide required for one acre  if  area was sprayed with 350 g herbicide (Rate: 0.6 kg a.i./ha; Cost: Rs. 3500/kg). (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
    1. 85.7% and Rs. 980
    1. 58.3% and Rs. 1225
    1. 11.6% and Rs. 2450
    1. 16.6% and Rs. 1000
Question No. 20: Statement (I): Osmotic pressure is determined by using vapour pressure psychrometers. Statement (II): There is a close agreement between electrical conductivity and osmotic potential. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
    1. Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct
    1. Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are incorrect
    1. Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect
    1. Statement (I) is incorrect but Statement (II) is correct
Question No. 21: Match List-I with List-II:List-I (Revolutions): (A) Green Revolution, (B) Grey Revolution, (C) Round Revolution, (D) Yellow Revolution.List-II (Associated event): (I) Fertilizer production, (II) Oilseed production, (III) Food grain production, (IV) Potato production. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
    1.  
      1.                          
        • (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (III), (D) - (IV)
    1. (A)-(II), (B)-(I), (C) - (III), (D) - (IV)
    1.  
      1.                          
        • (III), (B)-(I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (II)
    1.  
      1.                          
        • (III), (B) - (IV), (C) - (I), (D) - (II)
Question No. 22: Assertion (A): Nitrogen (N) mineralization is the conversion of organic N to  through two reactions namely, aminization and ammonification.Reason (R): A diverse population of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes is capable of converting the products of aminization to . (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
    1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    1. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A)
    1.  
      1.                         is true but (R) is false
    1.  
      1.                         is false but (R) is true
Question No. 23: Find the correct match of crop and critical stages for irrigation if water is available for 2 irrigations only. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
    1. Maize: Knee-high and silking
    1. Finger millet: Panicle initiation and flowering
    1. Wheat: CRI and maximum tillering
    1. Sorghum: Knee-high and flowering
Question No. 24: Mitotic spindle is mainly composed of which protein? (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
    1. Actin
    1. Myosin
    1. Tubulin
    1. Myoglobin
Question No. 25: Statement (I): The monsoon trough is fully established over Indian sub-continent by July month.Statement (II): In the northern hemispheric summer, the Asian land mass gets heated while the surrounding oceans remains relatively cool. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
    1. Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct
    1. Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are incorrect
    1. Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect
    1. Statement (I) is incorrect but Statement (II) is correct
Question No. 26: Maximum amount of clay content is found in soils of: (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
    1. Alluvial Soils
    1. Black Soils
    1. Red Soils
    1. Laterite and Lateritic Soils
Question No. 27: Match the following:“B” gene of wheat comes from; (B) Tetraploid wheat; (C) “D” gene in hexaploids comes from; (D) “A” gene of polyploidy comes from.List-II: (I) T. monococcum, (II) T. tauschii, (III) T. speltoides, (IV) T. durum. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
    1. (A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C) - (III), (D) - (I)
    1. (A)-(III), (B) - (IV), (C) - (I), (D) - (II)
    1. (A)-(I), (B) - (IV), (C) - (II), (D) - (III)
    1. (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C) - (II), (D) - (I)
Question No. 28: Match List-I with List-II:List-I (Thinker): (A) Aberg and Wiebe, (B) Stapf, (C) Waldron, (D) Hutchinson.List-II (Classification): (I) Pennisetum typhoides, (II) Gossypium spp., (III) Hordeum, (IV) Arachis hypogaea. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
    1. (A)-(II), (B)-(I), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)
    1. (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)
    1. (A)-(I), (B)-(III), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)
    1. (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)
Question No. 29: Assertion (A): In alternate furrow irrigation, crop yields are reduced to the extent of 2 to 16% compared to every furrow irrigation.Reason (R): The amount of water applied in alternate furrow irrigation is reduced by 25-35% compared to every furrow irrigation. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
    1. Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    1. Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A)
    1.  
      1.                         is correct but (R) is not correct
    1.  
      1.                         is not correct but (R) is correct
Question No. 30: Assertion (A): In the light reactions of photosynthesis, ATP is generated through photophosphorylation, which involves the use of a proton gradient.Reason (R): The proton gradient is established by the flow of electrons through the electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane, leading to the movement of protons from the stroma into the thylakoid lumen. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
    1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    1. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    1.  
      1.                         is true but (R) is false
    1.  
      1.                         is false but (R) is true
Question No. 31: Agronomically the season is of ______ types. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
    1. 4 types
    1. 6 types
    1. 3 types
    1. 2 types
Question No. 32: Statement (I): The reduction of carbon di-oxide is also called dark reaction as light is not necessary.Statement (II): The energy supplied by ATP, carbon di-oxide combines with oxygen and form carbohydrates. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
    1. Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct.
    1. Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are incorrect.
    1. Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect.
    1. Statement (I) is incorrect but Statement (II) is correct.
Question No. 33: Match List-I (Bioherbicide) with List-II (Target weed):Bactera verutana, (B) Paulinia acuminata, (C) Parthenium hysterophorus, (D) Orseoliella javanica.List-II: (I) Salvinia molesta, (II) Imperata cylindrica, (III) Cyperus rotundus, (IV) Epiblema strenuana. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
    1. (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), (D)-(IV)
    1. (A)-(I), (B)-(IV), (C)-(III), (D)-(II)
    1. (A)-(I), (B)-(III), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)
    1. (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)
Question No. 34: According to Arnon and Stout (1939) an element is essential for plant growth if: (A) Normal growth/life cycle is impossible without it. (B) Deficiency corrected by any element. (C) Deficiency corrected only by that nutrient. (D) Nutrient plays a direct role in metabolism. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
    1. (A), (B) and (C) only.
    1. (A), (B) and (D) only.
    1. (B), (C) and (D) only.
    1. (A), (C) and (D) only.
Question No. 35: How much is the photoperiod (hours) requirement of intermediate day plants? (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
    1. 5-6 hours
    1. 7-10 hours
    1. 12-14 hours
    1. 15-17 hours
Question No. 36: Assertion (A): The activity of the dehydrogenases (DHA) reflects the total range of oxidative activity and microbiological activity in soil.Reason (R): Dehydrogenases oxidize soil organic matter by transferring protons and electrons from organic substrates to inorganic acceptors. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
    1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
    1. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
    1.  
      1.                         is true but (R) is false.
    1.  
      1.                         is false but (R) is true.
Question No. 37: In any plant system, the dictyosomes are mainly involved in the formation of which of the following organelles? (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
    1. Cellulose wall
    1. Plasmalemma
    1. Vacuole
    1. Mitochondria
Question No. 38: In which of the following conditions does the rate of transpiration in plants typically reach its maximum limit? (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
    1. High moisture and low light interception
    1. Hot, dry, and windy weather conditions.
    1. Low light and low light interceptions
    1. Humid and cool temperature conditions
Question No. 39: Match List-I (Characters) with List-II (Responses):Color blindness, (B) Hemophilia A, (C) Sickle cell Anemia, (D) Phenylketonuria.List-II: (I) Autosomal recessive; phenylpyruvic acid, (II) Missense mutation; chromosome 11, (III) X-linked; factor-VIII deficiency, (IV) X-linked recessive; opsin gene. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
    1. (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)
    1. (A)-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(I)
    1. (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III)
    1. (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
Question No. 40: _______ present in plasma membrane plays crucial role in hydraulic conductance. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
    1. Aquaporins
    1. Aquapressure
    1. Sodium permanganate
    1. Potassium chloride
42. If phytotoxicity of herbicides is observed in the crop, which of the following remedial measures should be adopted?Irrigate the crop immediately.Spray of urea fertilizer may be done to dilute herbicide in plants.Spray of gibberellic acid and salt solution should be done.Interculture should be done under dry farming conditions. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • (A), (B) and (C) only
  • (A), (B) and (D) only
  • (B), (C) and (D) only
  • (A), (B), (C) and (D)
43. India’s winter is (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • Cold and dry
  • Cold and humid
  • Hot and humid
  • Hot and dry
44. Agro-climatic zones of India formed were during the _________ plan (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • 5th Five year
  • 6th Five year
  • 7th Five year
  • 8th Five year
45. Match List-I with List-II.List-I (Crops): (A) Oats, (B) Berseem, (C) Cluster bean, (D) Napier grass.List-II (Scientific Name): (I) Pennisetum purpureum schum, (II) Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, (III) Avena sativa, (IV) Trifolium alexandrinum. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(II), (D)-(I)
  • (A)-(I), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(IV)
  • (A)-(IV), (B)-(I), (C)-(III), (D)-(II)
  • (A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(III)
46. One millibar is equal to (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • 0.1 kPa
  • 0.01 kPa
  • 0.001 kPa
  • 0.0001 kPa
47. Which of the following herbicides has the longest average half-life under field conditions? (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • Paraquat
  • Fluazifop-P-butyl
  • Halosulfuron methyl
  • Fomesafen
48. Match List-I with List-II.List-I (Compounds): (A) Glyceroglycolipids, (B) Glycerolipids, (C) Glycerophospholipids, (D) Glycine oxidation.List-II (Characteristics): (I) Sugar form the polar head group, (II) Polar lipids, (III) The phosphate contain polar head group attached to position-3 of the glycerol, (IV) Glycine is converted into serine. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • (A)-(II), (B)-(I), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)
  • (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)
  • (A)-(II), (B)-(III), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I)
  • (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
49. Match List-I with List-II.List-I (Allelochemical): (A) Juglone, (B) Cinnamic acid, (C) Lignans, (D) Saponins.List-II (Effect): (I) Inhibits seed germination and seedling growth, (II) It has herbicidal, anti-microbial and anti-viral activity, (III) They are generally responsible for changes in membrane permeability and leakage, (IV) Inhibits growth, chlorophyll content and net photosynthesis. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • (A)-(IV), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), (D)-(III)
  • (A)-(IV), (B)-(I), (C)-(III), (D)-(II)
  • (A)-(III), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I)
  • (A)-(II), (B)-(III), (C)-(I), (D)-(IV)
50. The US Salinity Laboratory Staff (1954) characterized saline soils for management purposes asSoil pH > 8.5Electrical conductivity (EC) > 4 dS m⁻¹Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) < 13Exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) < 15. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • (A), (B) and (D) only
  • (A), (C) and (D) only
  • (A), (B), (C) and (D)
  • (B), (C) and (D) only
51. The growing season ends by the end of ________ month in the arid zone of north western India (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • June
  • September
  • November
  • March
52. The soils in cold deserts of India are (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • Highly acidic to slightly acidic
  • Slightly acidic to neutral
  • Neutral to slightly alkaline
  • Slightly alkaline to highly alkaline
53. Match List-I with List-II.List-I (Weed host): (A) Cyperus rotundus, (B) Saccharum spontaneum, (C) Agropyron repens, (D) Cenchrus ciliaris.List-II (Disease): (I) Black rust (wheat), (II) Ergot (pearl millet), (III) Blast (rice), (IV) Downy mildew (maize). (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)
  • (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), (D)-(IV)
  • (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
  • (A)-(I), (B)-(III), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)
54. Which of the following is not a technique for weed seed bank management? (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • Fall-applied fertilizer
  • Autumn tickle
  • Spray grazing
  • Chaff collection
55. Given below are two statements.Statement (I): Photosystem II inhibitors are effective herbicides that disrupt the photosynthetic process in plants.Statement (II): Photosystem II inhibitors bind to the D1 protein, blocking electron transport and leading to the production of harmful reactive oxygen species. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • Both statement (I) and (II) are true and statement (II) is the correct explanation of statement (I).
  • Both statements (I) and (II) are true, but statement (II) is not the correct explanation of (I).
  • Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false.
  • Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true
56. Match List-I with List-II.List-I (Varieties): (A) PRK-1, (B) RBK-155, (C) GPUP-8, (D) VL Madira 172.List-II (Crops): (I) Kodo millets, (II) Barnyard millets, (III) Foxtail millets, (IV) Proso millets. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)
  • (A)-(I), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(IV)
  • (A)-(IV), (B)-(II), (C)-(I), (D)-(III)
  • (A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(III), (D)-(I)
57. Highly correlated statements in respect of spray volume:High volume spray- >560 litre/ha.Low volume spray- 56 to <560 litre/ha.Semi-low volume spray- 5.6 to <56 litre/ha.Ultra low volume spray- <5.6 litre/ha. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • (A)                        and (B) only
  • (A)                        and (D) only
  • (B)                        and (C) only
  • (C)                        and (D) only
58. An All India Co-ordinated Research Project for Dryland Agriculture was launched by the ICAR in (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • 1970
  • 1975
  • 1977
  • 1980
59. Given below are two statements.Statement (I): The major irrigation projects have a culturable command area of 8000 to 10,000 ha.Statement (II): These are essentially surface water projects and also include lift irrigation schemes. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct
  • Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are incorrect
  • Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect.
  • Statement (I) is incorrect but Statement (II) is correct.
60. In which year first Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS-1A) was launched? (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • 1978
  • 1988
  • 1995
  • 1998
61. Most suitable statements in respect of perennial weeds:The seedling of a perennial weed is not perennial when it first emerges from soil.Cyperus esculentus becomes perennial only 4-6 days after its emergence.Sorghum halepense becomes perennial only after 3-6 weeks after its emergence.Convolvulus arvensis becomes perennial only 2-3 weeks after its emergence. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • (A)                        and (B) only
  • (A)                        and (C) only
  • (B)                        and (C) only
  • (C)                        and (D) only
63. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R)Assertion (A): In rice crop, a gradual depletion of oxygen in the soil causes increase in the number of sulphate ions.Reason (R): Reduction of sulphate to sulphide results in the sulphide toxicity. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • Both A and R are correct and R is the not correct explanation of A.
  • Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • A is correct but R is not correct
  • A is not correct but R is correct
64. Which of the following weeds has biochemical mimicry with berseem? (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • Phalaris minor
  • Avena fatua
  • Anagallis arvensis
  • Cichorium intybus
65. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).Assertion (A): Retting in slow running water is better than stagnant water.Reason (R): Extraction of the fiber of sun-hemp is more difficult than jute. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
  • Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A
  • A is correct but R is not correct
  • A is not correct but R is correct
66. Given below are two statements:Statement (I): On immobilization, organic matter releases ammonium and nitrate and these are avilable to plants.Statement (II): Most of the arable soils have enough urease to cause rapid hydrolysis. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct.
  • Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are incorrect.
  • Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect.
  • Statement (I) is incorrect but Statement (II) is correct.
67. Match List-I with List-II.List-I (Name of organism): (A) Pseudomonas striata, (B) Rhizobium sp., (C) Nitrobacter sp., (D) Trichoderma viride.List-II (Purpose/Function): (I) Cellulolytic microorganism, (II) Nitrifying bacteria, (III) Nitrogen fixing bacteria, (IV) Phosphate solubilizing bacteria. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)
  • (A)-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
  • (A)-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(I)
  • (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
68. Read the following statements carefully and choose the correct answer from the options given below:Usually, diversified farms are economically and ecologically more resilient.Monoculture farms are more efficient and easy to manage.Diversified farms help in maximizing yield with reduced input use, but the farmer can’t attend all crops at the optimal time.Diversification will reduce risk only when there is no positive co-relation between the yield of alternate crops. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • (A), (B) and (C) only
  • (A), (B) and (D) only
  • (A), (C) and (D) only.
  • (B), (C) and (D) only.
69. Given below are two statements:Statement (I): Bharat Ratna, M. Visveshwaraih was largely responsible for construction of Krishnarajasagar dam.Statement (II): This dam is constructed on river Godavari near city of Mysore. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct
  • Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are incorrect
  • Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect.
  • Statement (I) is incorrect but Statement (II) is correct.
70. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).Assertion (A): We can take cloud picture from Geostationary satellite (INSAT-3D) data in India.Reason (R): Because Geostationary satellite (INSAT-3D) is always looking towards India. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
  • Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A)
  • (A)                        is true but (R) is false.
  • (A)                        is false but (R) is true.
71. Groundnut crop has a low risk of pre-harvest contamination of aflatoxigenic fungi in soils of (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • Aridisols
  • Alfisols
  • Inseptisols
  • Vertisols
72. Read the following statements:(A). Shoot mobile herbicides are foliar applied herbicides that are capable of phloem-xylem interchange.(B). Shoot immobile herbicides are foliar applied herbicides which translocate only in acropetal direction through xylem.(C). Reverse xylem mobile herbicides are foliar applied herbicides which translocate to roots through xylem in acute water deficiency conditions.(D). Circulatory herbicides are foliar applied herbicides that translocate in both acropetal and basipetal directions through phloem, sometimes in both directions simultaneously. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • (A)                        and (B) only
  • (A)                        and (C) only
  • (B)                        and (C) only
  • (B)                        and (D) only
73. In a plant cell, a defect in the transcription of a specific gene leads to the absence of a functional enzyme. Which of the following sequences of events best explains the failure of enzyme activity? (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • Mutation in DNA → Failure of tRNA synthesis → Inactive enzyme
  • Mutation in DNA → No mRNA formed → No protein synthesis
  • Mutation in tRNA → mRNA not transcribed → Enzyme denatured
  • Mutation in rRNA → DNA replication blocked → No enzyme formed
74. Match the following plant cell structures with their correct functions.List-I (Organelle): (A) Plasma membrane, (B) Power house of cell, (C) Green plastids, (D) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.List-II (Functions): (I) Synthesis of lipids and detoxification of metabolic by-products, (II) Selectively permeable barrier controlling the movement of ions and solutes, (III) Site of cellular respiration and ATP production, (IV) Site of photosynthesis and conversion of light energy into chemical energy. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • (A)-(II), (B)-(III), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I)
  • (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)
  • (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III)
  • (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
75. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).Assertion (A): Theoretically, an erectophile canopy would be more efficient if radiations were distributed more evenly over leaf surfaces.Reason (R): Such an equitable distribution could be accomplished by having leaves, at least the upper leaves, at a vertical leaf inclination when the sun is at high elevations. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
  • Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
  • (A)                        is true but (R) is false.
  • (A)                        is false but (R) is true.
76. Which is the favorable condition for formation of ‘Radiation fog’? (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • Gentle wind, long winter night, cloudless sky
  • Calm wind, long winter night, cloudy sky.
  • Strong wind, short winter night, cloudless sky
  • Gentle wind, short winter night, cloudy sky
77. In an agroforestry system harvesting of trees generate employment to the tune of (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • 5-10 man-days/
  • 10-15 man-days/
  • 15-20 man-days/
  • 20-25 man-days/
78. Match List-I with List-II.List-I (Nutrients): (A) Nitrogen, (B) Potassium, (C) Sulphur, (D) Boron.List-II (Essentiality discoverer): (I) K. Warington (1923), (II) Theodore de Saussure (1804), (III) C. Sprengel (1839), (IV) Sachs and Knop (1860). (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)
  • (A)-(II), (B)-(I), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)
  • (A)-(II), (B)-(III), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I)
  • (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
79. Which of the following vitamins is synthesized in chloroplasts and is essential for electron transport in photosynthesis? (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • Vitamin K
  • Vitamin E
  • Vitamin A
  • Vitamin D
80. Match List-I with List-II.List-I (ICAR Research Institutes): (A) CIBA, (B) CAZRI, (C) CIRB, (D) CIRG.List-II (Headquarters): (I) Hisar, (II) Chennai, (III) Makhdoom, (IV) Jodhpur. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • (A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(III)
  • (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)
  • (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III)
  • (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
81. How many carboxylation reactions occur in Hatch - Slack pathway and also known as which pathway? (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • One and pathway
  • Two and pathway
  • Three and pathway
  • Four and pathway
82. As per the Fertiliser (Control) Order (FCO, 1985) the maximum permissible limit of biuret content in urea for soil application and for foliar spray beyond which it is toxic to plants is (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • 2.5% for soil application and 1.0% for foliar spray
  • 1.5% for soil application and 1.0% for foliar spray
  • 1.5% for soil application and 0.5% for foliar spray
  • 2.5% for soil application and 0.5% for foliar spray
83. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).Assertion (A): The ability to visualize the data is one of the characteristics which makes geographic data processing so powerful.Reason (R): This is done by linking the geographic data to the visual data elements (point, lines, areas) which compose the picture. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
  • Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A)
  • (A)                        is true but (R) is false
  • (A)                        is false but (R) is true.
84. Match List-I with List-II.List-I (Name of Laws/Theory): (A) Law of Minimum, (B) Law of Diminishing Yield Curves, (C) Law of Percentage Yield Concept, (D) Law of Maximum.List-II (Thinker): (I) Baule, (II) Wallace and Wallace, (III) Mitscherlich, (IV) Liebig. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)
  • (A)-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
  • (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III)
  • (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
85. Which one of the following is most variable component in atmosphere? (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • Nitrogen
  • Oxygen
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Water vapour
86. Which of the following combinations correctly match the nutrient deficiencies in order and their primary physiological roles?Nitrogen → Potassium → Phosphorus (chlorophyll synthesis, stomatal closure, energy transfer)Nitrogen → Phosphorus → Potassium (protein synthesis, ATP formation, enzyme activation)Potassium → Nitrogen → Phosphorus (Osmoregulation, nucleic acid synthesis, disease resistance)Phosphorus → Potassium → Nitrogen (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • (A), (C), and (D) are correct but (B) is not correct
  • (A), (C), and (D) are incorrect but (B) is correct
  • (A), (B), and (C) are correct but (D) is not correct
  • (B), (C), and (D) are incorrect but (A) is correct
87. Read the following statements:Plant roots mostly absorb phosphorus as the dihydrogen orthophosphate ion () but under neutral to alkaline environments, it is also taken up as monohydrogen orthophosphate () ion.In normal P-sufficient plants, P-content varies from 0.1% to 0.4% by weight, which is  to  of N or K content.It is needed for energy storage and transfer, which is the single most important essential function of P.Because of its faster mobility in plants, P gets easily translocated from older tissues to the meristematic tissues; therefore, deficiency symptoms of P appear first on the older leaves. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • (A), (B) and (D) only
  • (A), (B) and (C) only
  • (A), (B), (C) and (D)
  • (B), (C) and (D) only.
88. The correct sequence with respect to increasing fatty acid composition in Brassica spp is (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • Brown sarson > Toria > Karan rai
  • Karan rai > Brown sarson > Toria
  • Karan rai > Toria > Brown sarson
  • Brown sarson > Karan rai > Toria
89. Which of the following statements are most suitable for soil solarization in weed management.During soil solarization, soil temperature exceeds thermal death point of weeds.During soil solarization, soil temperature increases by .Black polythene sheets are better than UV absorbing transparent polythene sheets for soil solarization.Annual weeds can be managed by solarization of 5 weeks. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • (A), (B) and (C) only
  • (B), (C) and (D) only.
  • (A), (C) and (D) only.
  • (A), (B) and (D) only
90. The second growth of meadow plant after the first cut of crop is known as (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • Aftermath
  • After cultivation
  • Aggressivity
  • After ripening
91. Most important / significant factor affecting absorption and hence the behaviour of herbicide in the soils (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • Organic matter
  • pH
  • Microbes
  • Nitrogen content
92. Match List-I with List-II.List-I (Micronutrient): (A) Zinc deficiency, (B) Iron deficiency, (C) Copper deficiency, (D) Molybdenum deficiency.List-II (Deficiency symptoms): (I) Die-back symptoms, (II) Whip-tail disease in cauliflower, (III) Little leaf in citrus, (IV) Lime induced chlorosis. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • (A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(III)
  • (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)
  • (A)-(III), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III)
  • (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
93. What is the optimum cardinal temperature of maize? (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
94. Which classification of soyabean is based on shape of the pods? (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • Martain classification
  • American classification
  • Hertz classification
  • Manchurian classification
95. How many protons are pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane by the complexes of oxidative phosphorylation during the transfer of a pair of electrons from NADH to ? (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • 6 protons
  • 8 protons
  • 10 protons
  • 12 protons
96. Match List-I with List-II.List-I (Dam): (A) Aswan dam, (B) Roosevelt dam, (C) Hoover dam, (D) Terhela dam.List-II (River): (I) Nile river, (II) Salt river project, (III) Indus river, (IV) Colorado river. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)
  • (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III)
  • (A)-(II), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III)
  • (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
97. Dry land Operational Research Project was established in (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • 1976
  • 1972
  • 1975
  • 1978
98. Pusa Phalguni is a variety of (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • Cowpea
  • Chickpea
  • Moongbean
  • Horsegram
99. Numbers of microbes per unit area in arid or semiarid conditions found in the sequence of (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • Bacteria > Actinomycetes > Fungi > Algae
  • Actinomycetes > Bacteria > Fungi > Algae
  • Algae > Bacteria > Actinomycetes > Fungi
  • Fungi > Bacteria > Actinomycetes > Algae
100. Ammonium sulphate contains: (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • 25.5% N and 23.7% S
  • 20.5% N and 23.7% S
  • 20.5% N and 13.7% S
  • 15.5% N and 13.7% S
101. Among these, which is not a wind belt? (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • Doldrums
  • Prevailing westerlies
  • Prevailing northerly
  • Prevailing easterlies
102. Diameter of the outer ring of an ordinary rain gauge is (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • 100 mm
  • 200 mm
  • 250 mm
  • 300 mm
103. Who among the following soil scientists was the Director General of International Rice Research Institute? (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • Dr. Samuel L. Tisdale
  • Dr. Nyle C. Brady
  • Dr. Horst Marschner
  • Sir E. John Russell
104. Match List-I with List-II.List-I: (A) Pressure plate apparatus, (B) TDR, (C) Simcha Blass, (D) Tensiometer.List-II: (I) Drip irrigation, (II) Soil moisture tension in sandy soils, (III) Soil moisture characteristic curves, (IV) Soil moisture. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • (A)-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(1)
  • (A)-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(1), (D)-(II)
  • (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
  • (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)
105. Read the following statements.Irrigation interval can be longer in clay soils than sandy soils.Soil water in clay soil is loosely held than in sandy soil so irrigations can be delayed.Clay soils have higher total porosity so hold more volume of water than sandy soils.Amount of available water is more in clay soil than in sandy soil. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • (B)                        and (D) only
  • (A), (C) and (D) only
  • (A)                        and (B) only
  • (B), (C) and (D) only
106. Which of the following correctly pairs a vitamin with its role in assisting enzyme activity in plant metabolism? (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • Thiamine - Coenzyme for pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in the citric acid cycle
  • Pyridoxine - Coenzyme for enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism
  • Tocopherol-Coenzyme for nitrate reductase in nitrogen metabolism
  • Cobalamin-Activates RuBisCO in the Calvin cycle
107. Given below are two statements:Statement (I): Infiltration stands for the movement of water from the surface into the soil.Statement (II): Infiltration rate is the actual rate at which water is entering the soil at any given time. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct
  • Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are incorrect
  • Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect.
  • Statement (I) is incorrect but Statement (II) is correct.
108. The farmyard manure (FYM) becomes ready for use in 4-6 months and, on an average, contains major nutrients with (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • 0.5% Ν, 0.2% and 0.5%
  • 0.1% N, 0.2% and 0.5%
  • 1.5% N, 0.5% and 0.5%
  • 0.5% N, 0.2% and 1.5%
109. What are the two branches of South west monsoon of India? (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • Bay of Bengal and Arabian sea
  • Bay of Bengal and India ocean
  • Indian ocean and Arabian sea
  • Pacific ocean and Indian ocean
110. What will be net irrigation requirement if the field capacity of the soil is 22%, soil moisture before irrigation is 10%, bulk density of soil is  and effective root zone depth is 50 cm? (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • 45 mm
  • 90 mm
  • 120 mm
  • 150 mm
111. Calculate the amount of atrazine (50% WP) and volume of spray water for spraying on an area of  if rate of atrazine application is 0.4 kg a.i./ha. The spray volume of water is . (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • 600 g and 600 litre
  • 640 g and 640 litre
  • 1250 g and 640 litre
  • 640 g and 1000 litre
112. Which two countries are involving in NISAR satellite launch? (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • India and Japan
  • USA and Canada
  • India and USA
  • China and Russia
113. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).Assertion (A): Single superphosphate (SSP) contains 16%  and it is an important P-fertilizer and is likely to remain so, particularly for pulses and oilseeds.Reason (R): The production process of SSP is very simple, requiring little technological skill, and it is a high analysis fertilizer as it contains P along with two secondary nutrients, namely, calcium (Ca) and sulphur (S). (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
  • Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A)
  • (A)                        is correct but (R) is not correct
  • (A)                        is not correct but (R) is correct
114. The following terms are commonly used to describe nutrient levels in plants: (A) Deficient, (B) Critical range, (C) Sufficient, (D) Excessive or toxic. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • (A), (B) and (D) only
  • (A), (B) and (C) only
  • (A), (C) and (D) only
  • (A), (B), (C) and (D)
115. A sorghum crop of 2 ha area was irrigated 3 times with 6 cm water per irrigation, find out the total quantity of water applied in cubic meter. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • 1200
  • 1800
  • 3600
  • 7200
116. Arrange the following soil separates according to their size (diameter): (A) Coarse sand, (B) Clay, (C) Silt, (D) Fine sand. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • (A), (D), (C), (B)
  • (A), (B), (C), (D)
  • (B), (A), (D), (C)
  • (C), (B), (D), (A)
117. Abnormal failure of rainfall, that occurs almost anywhere especially in most parts of the humid and sub-humid climates is a typical _________ drought. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • Permanent
  • Seasonal
  • Contingent
  • Invisible
118. Match List-I with List-II.List-I (Instruments): (A) Anemometer, (B) Wind vane, (C) Dry bulb and wet bulb thermometer, (D) IR thermometer.List-II (Parameter measured): (I) Wind direction, (II) Wind speed, (III) Canopy temperature, (IV) Relative humidity. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)
  • (A)-(IV), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(1)
  • (A)-(II), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III)
  • (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
119. According to Ramdas (1960), drought is a situation when the actual seasonal rainfall is deficient by more than _________. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • Twice the mean deviation
  • Thrice the mean deviation
  • Zero the mean deviation
  • Five times the mean deviation
120. Arrange in correct sequence of the steps of precision agriculture: (A) Evaluation of precision agriculture, (B) Preparation of variability maps, (C) Managing variability, (D) Assessing variability. (ICAR-PG-AGRO-2025)
  • (A), (B), (C), (D)
  • (D), (B), (C), (A)
  • (B), (A), (D), (C)
  • (C), (B), (D), (A)