ICAR PG Plant Science-2023 (Shift 2) — Agri Master Mind
Along with JD Watson, Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins, Rosalind Franklin also contributed significantly towards the development of double helical structure of DNA. All but Rosalind Franklin were awarded with the Nobel Prize. The reason for not awarding Nobel Prize to Rosalind Franklin was –
- She was too young for the award
- Her research paper was not published in a high impact factor rated journal
- Her subject did not have a Nobel Prize at all
- She died before the result of the Nobel award for that year was declared
A nonsense mutation involves the creation of a / an –
- Regulatory site
- AG splice acceptor site
- Stop codon
- Different amino acids
If an autosomal recessive disorder, which shows Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, has an incidence of 1 in 6400, then the frequency of a carrier is approximately –
- 1 in 20
- 1 in 40
- 1 in 80
- 1 in 160
The following genotypes are found in a population: AA/35, Aa/25, and aa/10. What are the allele frequencies of A and a?
- A = 0.32, and a = 0.68
- A = 0.36, and a = 0.63
- A = 0.68, and a = 0.32
- A = 0.65, and a = 0.36
If the frequency of males affected with an X-linked recessive allele in a human population is 0.10 (1 in 10), what will be the expected frequency of affected females?
- 0.05
- 0.01
- 0.02
- 0.001
If you have 5 nucleotides, say A, T, G, C and X, how many triplet codons could be formed from it?
- 50
- 125
- 250
- 1250
An example of primary introduction of crop varieties in plant breeding in India is –
- Sonalika
- Kalyan Sona
- Sonora 64
- PBW 343
Which one of the following is NOT a path of genetic information flow as per the modern Central Dogma of Biology?
- DNA → RNA → Protein
- RNA → RNA
- RNA → DNA
- Protein → DNA
Genetic homeostasis, which confers a population wider adaptability, is however, NOT exploited by –
- Varietal mixtures and multiline varieties
- Hybrids
- Synthetic varieties
- Composite varieties
Which one of the following information can NOT be obtained from a ‘progeny test’?
- Breeding behavior of the plant
- The target trait is heritable or not
- The real value (genetic worth) of the plant
- Recombination frequency and map distance between the target loci in the plant
When several genes are considered together, the proportion of homozygotes for all the genes in a backcross generation in self-pollinated crops is given by the formula:
Fixation of heterosis can NOT be achieved by –
- Balanced lethal system
- Apomixis
- Pureline production
- Vegetative propagation
Which one of the following is NOT a component of heat stress tolerance in crop plants?
- Membrane stability
- Photosynthate translocation
- Osmoregulation
- Enhanced heat sensitivity of photosystem-II
It has been observed in some cases that a particular quality trait is not expressed as such in the wild species, but it is detected only in the segregates recovered from its cross with the cultivated relatives; such traits are known as –
- Lateral trait
- Maternal trait
- Hibernated trait
- Latent trait
Two genes say A and B, are sex-linked genes in Drosophila melanogaster. Which of the following statements about the genes are correct?(A) A and B may be linked(B) A and B may also have a 50% recombination frequency(C) A and B are linked and can recombine only in males(D) A and B are located in the same linkage groupChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
- (A), (B) and (C) only
- (B), (C) and (D) only
- (A), (B), (C) and (D)
- (A), (B) and (D) only
In a field experiment conducted under RBD, the number of replications and the treatments should be adjusted in such a way that the error degree of freedom (d.f.) becomes:(A) < 12(B) At least 12(C) 12 or more(D) n-12Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
- (A), (B) and (D) only
- (B) and (C) only
- (C) and (D)
- (B), (C) and (D) only
The main features of the ideotype proposed by Donald (1968) for wheat include –(A) Single, short, strong stem(B) Erect leaves(C) Large ear(D) Absence of awnsChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
- (A), (B) and (C) only
- (A), (B) and (D) only
- (A), (B), (C) and (D)
- (B), (C) and (D) only
Occurrence of unreduced gametes (i.e. 2n) has been reported in several crops including potatoes. Unreduced gametes can be produced by –(A) First-division restitution(B) Parallel spindle in the second meiotic division(C) Second division restitution(D) Occurrence of third meiotic divisionChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
- (A), (B) and (C) only
- (A), (B) and (D) only
- (A), (C) and (D)
- (B), (C) and (D) only
Arabidopsis thaliana is advantageous for plant genetic research, because –(A) It is a small plant with a short life cycle(B) It is a commercially important oilseed crop with a botanical closeness with almost all the cereal crops(C) It has a small genome size with known sequence information(D) It can be raised inexpensivelyChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
- (A), (B) and (C) only
- (A), (B) and (D) only
- (A), (C) and (D)
- (B), (C) and (D) only
The demerits of Mass Selection in self-pollinated crops include –(A) Varieties developed by Mass selection are quite easy to identify in the seed production program(B) It is not possible to know phenotypic superiority of the selected plants is due to genotype or environment(C) Varieties selected through Mass selection are not as uniform as Pure-line varieties(D) Zygosity (homozygous or heterozygous) of the selected plants is not knownChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
- (A), (B) and (C) only
- (A), (B) and (D) only
- (A), (C) and (D)
- (B), (C) and (D) only
The consequences of G × E interaction in a plant breeding experiment are –(A) It reduces the association between phenotypic and genotypic values(B) It makes a selection from one environment to perform poorly in another environment(C) It affects the estimate of heritability, genetic advance, and dominance ratio(D) It makes the selection of a breeding program much easierChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
- (A), (B) and (C) only
- (A), (B) and (D) only
- (A), (C) and (D)
- (B), (C) and (D) only
A female Drosophila contains two XX chromosomes while a male Drosophila contains only one X chromosome. However, the amounts of enzymes or even RNA produced by the X-linked genes in the females are equal to those in the males. The reasons are –(A) The translation machinery in the female is not as efficient as that in the male Drosophila(B) The X-linked genes in the female Drosophila are highly regulated to make a balance in the expression of genes between males and females(C) One X-chromosome in the female Drosophila is inactivated(D) The Y-chromosome in the male Drosophila acts as an X-chromosome to make a balance in product developmentChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
- (A) and (B) only
- (B) and (C) only
- (C) and (D) only
- (A) and (D) only
Match List-I with List-IIList-I (Particulars)List-II (Nomenclature)(A) An increase in the size of the triplet repeat(I) Frameshift mutation(B) A 5 bp deletion in an exon(II) Transversion(C) Substitution of one amino acid for another(III) Expansion(D) An A to a T point mutation(IV) Missense mutationChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
- (A)-(II), (B)-(I), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)
- (A)-(III), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I)
- (A)-(IV), (B)-(I), (C)-(III), (D)-(III)
- (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)
Match List-I with List-IIList-I (Chromosomal situation in human being)List-II (Chromosome number)(A) Monosomy(I) 69(B) Triploidy(II) 48(C) Tetraploidy(III) 45(D) Tetrasomy(IV) 92Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
- (A)-(II), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III)
- (A)-(III), (B)-(II), (C)-(I), (D)-(IV)
- (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)
- (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
Match List-I with List-IIList-I (Name of crop)List-II (Cytoplasm/Gene used)(A) Rice(I) Tift 23A(B) Wheat(II) Norin 10(C) Maize(III) Dee-geo-woo-gen(D) Pearl millet(IV) CMS-TChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
- (A)-(IV), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(I)
- (A)-(III), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I)
- (A)-(IV), (B)-(II), (C)-(I), (D)-(III)
- (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
Match List-I with List-IIList-I (Genetic status of a crop)List-II (Nomenclature)(A) Homozygous-Homogeneous(I) Hybrid(B) Homozygous-Heterogeneous(II) Synthetic variety(C) Heterozygous-Homogeneous(III) Pure-line variety(D) Heterozygous-Heterogeneous(IV) Multiline varietyChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
- (A)-(II), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III)
- (A)-(II), (B)-(I), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)
- (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(III), (D)-(I)
- (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
Match List-I with List-IIList-I (Name of the crops)List-II (Phytochemicals present)(A) Soybean(I) Trypsin Inhibitor(B) Brassica(II) Aflatoxin(C) Cotton(III) Glucosinolate(D) Groundnut(IV) GossypolChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
- (A)-(III), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I)
- (A)-(I), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(IV)
- (A)-(I), (B)-(III), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)
- (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
Match List-I with List-IIList-I (Specific traits)List-II (Crops where it is commonly found)(A) Monoecy(I) Brassica(B) Self-incompatibility(II) Pearl millet(C) Protogyny(III) Maize(D) Dioecy(IV) PapayaChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
- (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)
- (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), (D)-(IV)
- (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(II), (D)-(I)
- (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
Match List-I with List-IIList-I (Particulars)List-II (Formula used)(A) Number of individuals in a perfect F₂ population(I) 2ⁿ(B) Number of perfect homozygous individuals in an F₂ population(II) 3ⁿ(C) Number of different heterozygous genotypes in an F₂ population(III) 4ⁿ(D) Number of different kinds of genotypes in an F₂ population(IV) 3ⁿ − 2ⁿChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
- (A)-(I), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(IV)
- (A)-(IV), (B)-(I), (C)-(III), (D)-(II)
- (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)
- (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
Match List-I with List-IIList-I (Person / product)List-II (Description / particulars)(A) Louise Brown(I) First Transgenic tomato(B) Lulu Nana(II) First IVF human baby(C) Dolley(III) First mammal cloned(D) Flavr-Savr(IV) First Genome-edited human babyChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
- (A)-(IV), (B)-(II), (C)-(I), (D)-(III)
- (A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(III)
- (A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(III), (D)-(I)
- (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
The development of a composite variety consists of the following important steps. Arrange them in order from the first to the last –(A) Evaluation of F₁s(B) Mixing in equal quantities the parental seeds of superior crosses(C) Intermating among selected genotypes to develop F₁s(D) Selection of heterozygous base materialsChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
- (A), (C), (B), (D)
- (D), (C), (A), (B)
- (B), (A), (D), (C)
- (C), (B), (D), (A)
The concept of genes is not static but dynamic. Arrange the changing concept of genes chronologically—from earliest to latest(A) Gene is a sequence of nucleotides encoding functional products(B) Isolation of nuclein by Friedrich Miescher(C) One gene-one metabolic pathway block(D) One gene-one polypeptideChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
- (B), (A), (C), (D)
- (C), (B), (A), (D)
- (B), (A), (D), (C)
- (B), (C), (D), (A)
Obtaining Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) in the form of a ‘Patent’ is an important activity to protect any invention or discovery. However, filing an application for a Patent is a very critical step in this process. Here is a list of steps in filing and getting a Patent for an intellectual product. Arrange the steps from the first to the last in order –(A) Filing an application to the Patent Office(B) Development of a patentable product(C) Clearing the public challenges or any other issues raised by the Patent Office(D) Scrutiny and publication of the application by the Patent Office for public knowledge and challenge, if anyChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
- (B), (A), (C), (D)
- (B), (C), (A), (D)
- (B), (A), (D), (C)
- (C), (B), (D), (A)
Arrange the steps of developing a synthetic variety of a crop, chronologically i.e. from first to the last(A) Mixing of equal amounts of seeds from the parental lines(B) Identification of suitable parental lines(C) Growing of mixed seeds in open-pollinated conditions(D) Multiplication by open pollination for one or more generations and distribution to the growersChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
- (B), (A), (C), (D)
- (A), (B), (D), (C)
- (B), (A), (D), (C)
- (C), (B), (D), (A)
Given below are two statements:Statement (I): An effective germplasm collection is the pre-requisite for any successful breeding program.Statement (II): Genetic variability is the root of any breeding program.In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true.
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are false.
- Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false.
- Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true.
Statement (I): Insertion Sequences (IS) are short DNA sequences (800–1400 bp) and have the ability to transpose.Statement (II): IS also promotes recombination between non-homologous chromosomes.
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are incorrect
- Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect
- Statement (I) is incorrect but Statement (II) is correct
Assertion (A): Screening of rice for resistance to stem borer is greatly facilitated in the off-season as compared to that in the main growing season.Reason (R): In the off-season, few alternate hosts are available for the female moths of the stem borer to lay eggs and hence much heavier infestation occurs in the off-season rice.
- Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
- Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A)
- (A) is correct but (R) is not correct
- (A) is not correct but (R) is correct
Statement (I): Gregor Johann Mendel worked on Pisum sativum and established the laws of inheritance of traits.Statement (II): Gregor Johann Mendel also worked on mice, however, he had to abandon them due to pressure from the religious authority.
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are incorrect
- Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect
- Statement (I) is incorrect but Statement (II) is correct
Statement (I): James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins were awarded the Nobel Prize for developing the double helical structure of DNA.Statement (II): Rosalind Franklin was not awarded the Nobel Prize for her contribution towards developing the double helical structure of DNA because one Nobel Prize cannot be shared with more than three persons at a time.
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are incorrect
- Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect
- Statement (I) is incorrect but Statement (II) is correct
Statement (I): Agricultural Scientists Recruitment Board (ASRB) tests and recommends the selection of Agricultural Research Service (ARS) scientists to the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).Statement (II): The Director General of the ICAR is also the Chairman of the ASRB.
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are incorrect
- Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect
- Statement (I) is incorrect but Statement (II) is correct
Which one of the following is fungi-like organism known to cause plant disease epidemics?
- Saprolegnia
- Phytophthora
- Magnaporthe
- Puccinia
Which one of the following pathogen propagule is adapted for long distance movement by air?
- Magnaporthe
- Phytophthora
- Pythium
- Puccinia
Gene for Gene Interaction is best observed in ________
- Biotrophic Pathogens–Host Pathosystem
- Hemibiotrophic Pathogens–Host Pathosystem
- Necrotrophic Pathogens–Host Pathosystem
- Saprophytes
Which one of the following are biotrophic fungi?(A) Albugo(B) Puccinia(C) Glomus(D) BlumeriaOptions:
- (A), (B) and (D) only
- (A), (B) and (C) only
- (B), (C) and (D) only
- (A), (B), (C) and (D)
Polycyclic diseases are characterized by ________(A) Air-borne nature(B) Foliar infection(C) Multiplicity of infection(D) Short generation timeOptions:
- (A), (B) and (D) only
- (A), (B) and (C) only
- (A), (B), (C) and (D)
- (B), (C) and (D) only
Evolutionarily linked genome reduction is observed in ________(A) Xylella(B) Phytoplasma(C) Phytophthora(D) MagnaportheOptions:
- (A) and (B) only
- (A), (B) and (D) only
- (A), (B), (C) and (D)
- (B), (C) and (D) only
Match List-I with List-IIList-I (Theory proposed/Characteristic)List-II (Author/Thinker)(A) Gene for Gene(I) H.H. Flor(B) Germ Theory(II) Anton de Bary(C) Puccinia path(III) K.C. Mehta(D) Elicitor(IV) Noel T. Keen
- (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)
- (A)-(I), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(IV)
- (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III)
- (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
Match List-I with List-IIList-I (Book)List-II (Author)(A) Plant Pathology and Plant Pathogens(I) John A. Lucas(B) Fundamentals of Plant Pathology(II) R.S. Mehrotra(C) Essential Plant Pathology(III) Gail L. Schumann and Cleora J. D’Arcy(D) Basic Plant Pathology Methods(IV) James B. Sinclair and Onkar Dev Dhingra
- (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)
- (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)
- (A)-(I), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(IV)
- (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
Match List-I with List-IIList-I (Characteristic)List-II (Organism)(A) Flagella(I) Viruses(B) Dark Conidia(II) Bacteria(C) Short generation time(III) Puccinia(D) Intracellular movement(IV) Oomycetes
- (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)
- (A)-(II), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III)
- (A)-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(I)
- (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
Consider the following statements:Statement (A): Magnaporthe is a pathogen on dicot onlyStatement (B): Puccinia is a pathogen on monocot onlyStatement (C): Ralstonia is a pathogen on dicot and monocotStatement (D): RNA virus is a pathogen on dicot and monocot only
- (A), (B), (C) only
- (A), (B), (C), (D)
- (B) and (A) only
- (C) and (D) only
Which of the following cause wilt disease?
- Ralstonia causes wilt disease
- Fusarium causes wilt disease
- Verticillium causes wilt disease
- Pseudomonas causes wilt disease Options:
- (A), (B), (C), (D)
Which of the following statements are correct regarding plant virus transmission?
- Certain plant viruses are vectored by insect
- Certain plant viruses are transmitted by mechanical means
- No plant viruses are vectored by fungi
- No plant viruses are vectored by nematodes Options:
- (A), (B), (C), (D)
Assertion (A): Oomycetes pathogens need high moisture for their dissemination.Reason (R): Oomycetes pathogens do produce motile spores during their life cycle.
- Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
- Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A)
- (A) is true but (R) is false
- (A) is false but (R) is true
Assertion (A): Bacterial phytopathogens do cause explosive epidemics.Reason (R): Bacterial phytopathogens have short generation time by binary fission.
- Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
- Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A)
- (A) is true but (R) is false
- (A) is false but (R) is true
Assertion (A): Only vegetatively propagated planting materials are responsible for transboundary movement of pathogens.Reason (R): High moisture contents in the vegetative propagation material supports pathogen viability.
- Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
- Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A)
- (A) is true but (R) is false
- (A) is false but (R) is true
Statement (I): Uredospores are motile.Statement (II): Viruses are motile.
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are incorrect
- Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect
- Statement (I) is incorrect but Statement (II) is correct
Statement (I): Pathological wilt is usually irreversible leading to the death of plants.Statement (II): Physiological wilt too is reversible prior to the permanent wilting point.
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are incorrect
- Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect
- Statement (I) is incorrect but Statement (II) is correct
Statement (I): RNA is the only genetic element in plant viruses.Statement (II): RNA viruses are known to cause crop losses.
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are incorrect
- Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect
- Statement (I) is incorrect but Statement (II) is correct
Statement (I): Transboundary pathogen triggered plant disease epidemics were responsible for famine in Europe in the 19th century.Statement (II): Invasive pathogens are highly aggressive.
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are incorrect
- Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect
- Statement (I) is incorrect but Statement (II) is correct
Statement (I): Phytoplasmas are wall-less bacteria.Statement (II): Phytoplasma do possess flagella.
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are incorrect
- Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect
- Statement (I) is incorrect but Statement (II) is correct
Statement (I): Lichens are the symbiotic associations between a photobiont and a mycobiont partner.Statement (II): Mycorrhizae are the symbiotic associations between plant root and fungi.
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are false
- Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false
- Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true
Which of the following traits are observed in archaea?
- Absence of peptidoglycan in cell wall
- Resistant to kanamycin
- Endospore formation
- Presence of S layer Options:
- (A), (B) and (D) only
Statement (I): Plasma membrane in bacteria is composed of double layer of phospholipid molecules.Statement (II): Plasma membrane is the site of enzymes involved in energy production in bacteria.
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are false
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true
- Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false
- Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true
Statement (I): Saccharomyces cerevisiae used in baking industry is a multicellular fungus.Statement (II): Both haploid and diploid cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae may divide asexually by budding.
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are false
- Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false
- Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true
Match List-I with List-IIList-I (Fungi)List-II (Importance)(A) Pleurotus ostreatus(I) Phytopathogenic(B) Magnaporthe oryzae(II) Entomopathogenic(C) Rhizophagus irregularis(III) Edible(D) Metarhizium(IV) Mycorrhizal
- (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III)
- (A)-(III), (B)-(II), (C)-(I), (D)-(IV)
- (A)-(I), (B)-(III), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)
- (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)
Which of the following microorganisms lacks cell wall?
- Azotobacter
- Rickettsia
- Mycoplasma
- Clostridium
Statement (I): Bacterial plasmids can be used as a vector for gene transfer in plants.Statement (II): Plasmids are double stranded, extrachromosomal DNA found in bacteria which are capable of autonomous replication in suitable host.
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are false
- Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false
- Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true
Which of the following is involved in the transfer of amino acids from cytoplasm to the ribosome for protein synthesis?
- mRNA
- rRNA
- tRNA
- siRNA
Which of the following have the ability to convert ammonia into nitrite?
- Nitrosomonas
- Nitrosospira
- Nitrosococcus
- Nitrobacter
- Nitrococcus Options:
Statement (I): Irradiation of DNA with UV light causes formation of covalent bond between the thymine molecules on the same strand.Statement (II): Thymine dimerization in DNA caused by UV radiations can be reverted by photo-reactivation.
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are false
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true
- Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false
- Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true
Microbes which consume organic molecules for carbon and energy are called?
- Chemolithotrophs
- Photoautotrophs
- Chemoautotrophs
- Chemoheterotrophs
In bacterial conjugation, what is the essential property of a donor strain?
- F-plasmid
- Flagella
- Capsule layer
- Lipoproteins
How many nucleotides will be present in a double stranded DNA fragment of 2 kb?
- 1000
- 2000
- 4000
- 500
Assertion (A): In Bacillus culture raised in a chemically defined medium, sporulation is initiated in the stationary phase.Reason (R): Lack of nutrients and high cell density trigger sporulation.
- Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
- Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
- (A) is true but (R) is false
- (A) is false but (R) is true
Which of the following association is favourable for P nutrition in higher plants?
- Rhizobium–Legume symbiosis
- Azolla–Anabaena symbiosis
- Actinorrhizal symbiosis
- Mycorrhizal association
The interaction in which one organism is benefitted and the other is neither benefitted nor harmed is known as
- Synergism
- Antagonism
- Commensalism
- Mutualism
Statement (I): Viral genome is protected by protein shell known as capsid.Statement (II): Viruses can be used as vectors to transfer foreign gene into plants.
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are false
- Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false
- Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true
Statement (I): Biogas is a mixture of CH₄, CO₂ and H₂.Statement (II): Biogas is produced by aerobic digestion of organic waste material.
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are false
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true
- Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false
- Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true
According to Koch's first postulate
- The same disease causing agent must be isolated from experimentally infected animal
- The isolated causative agent of the disease must be able to produce disease when injected into healthy animal
- The causative agent of the disease must be present in every diseased animal
- The disease causing agent must be isolated from diseased animal and grown in pure culture
The practice of growing different crops in recurrent succession on the same land is known as
- Crop cycle
- Crop rotation
- Intercropping
- Mixed cropping
One of the most important considerations during the maintenance and production of breeder’s seed in an open-pollinated variety (OPV) is the
- Number of plants/ears to be used to represent the OPV
- Number of fertile plants per plot
- Number of seedless plants per plot
- Number of weed plants per plot
The breeding method usually used to produce the nucleus seeds of a variety of cereal crops is
- Ear-to-row method
- Backcross method
- Apomixis
- Advanced-backcross method
Replacing old seeds with new ones is important in maintaining or enhancing the production of a crop. Usually, the higher the seed replacement rate, the better the production. In the case of a hybrid of a crop, the seed replacement rate is
- 25%
- 50%
- 75%
- 100%
During hybrid seed production, detasseling is done to avoid self-pollination. In which of the following crops, detasseling is done during hybrid seed production?
- Grain sorghum
- Pearl millet
- Maize
- Wild rice
Which one of the following terminology does NOT represent the seed dispersal mechanism in crops/plants?
- Autochory
- Hydrochory
- Zerochory
- Zoochory
The plant pigment, which is associated with the photoperiodism in plants is –
- Chlorophyll
- Lycophyll
- Xanthophyll
- Phytochrome
A seed technologist placed a set of 100 seeds for a germination test. After 8 days, she found that 70 seeds germinated and 30 seeds did not. The most probable reasons for the no germination of these 30 seeds are –(A) The seeds were not viable at all(B) The seed coat was impermeable(C) The seed coat was permeable but the seeds were dead(D) The seeds were viable but the conditions for the germination were not favorable
- (A), (B) and (C) only
- (A), (B) and (D) only
- (A), (C) and (D) only
- (B), (C) and (D) only
Given below are the statements about the pollination behavior of crop plants. Find out the cluster of the most appropriate statements –(A) Dicliny and dichogamy favors self-pollination(B) Maize crop is protandry in nature(C) Protandry and protogyny favors cross-pollination(D) Pearl millet is protogyny in nature
- (A), (B) and (C) only
- (A), (B) and (D) only
- (A), (C) and (D) only
- (B), (C) and (D) only
Given below is a set of statements about ‘Field counts’ conducted during the inspection of the seed production field. Select the group of the most appropriate statements –(A) It is necessary to take a minimum of 5 counts for up to 2 ha seed production field and one additional count for every additional area of 2 ha or part thereof(B) For a seed production area of 6 to 8 ha, the minimum number of counts to be made is 8(C) Number of plants or heads per count in sunflowers is 1100(D) Number of plants or heads per count in soybean is 1000
- (A), (B) and (C) only
- (A), (B) and (D) only
- (A), (C) and (D) only
- (B), (C) and (D) only
The considerations that prompted the development of the Plant Breeder’s Rights (PBR) system in India include –(A) The development of a crop variety is an innovation and it is an intellectual property, which should be protected(B) It encourages plant breeders by providing economic incentives(C) It encourages the private sector to invest in plant breeding activities(D) Plant varieties are not absolutely stable and hence need protection
- (A), (B) and (C) only
- (A), (B) and (D) only
- (A), (C) and (D) only
- (B), (C) and (D) only
Match List-I with List-IIList-I (Name of the machine or components in a seed processing unit)List-II (Type of operation it does)(A) Electric color sorter(I) Separate heavy seeds from lightweight materials or chaffy grains(B) Inclined draper(II) Separates off-colored seeds(C) Pneumatic separator(III) Size grade of seeds for precision planting(D) Disc separator(IV) Separation of smooth or round seeds from rough, flat, or elongated seeds
- (A)-(II), (B)-(I), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)
- (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III)
- (A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(III)
- (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
Match List-I with List-IIList-I (Name of International Organization)List-II (Headquarters is located in)(A) UNO(I) Rome, Italy(B) IMF(II) Geneva, Switzerland(C) WTO(III) New York, USA(D) FAO(IV) Washington DC, USA
- (A)-(I), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(IV)
- (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(II), (D)-(I)
- (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III)
- (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
Match List-I with List-IIList-I (Name of crop diseases)List-II (Name of the crops)(A) Tikka disease(I) Rice(B) Stripe rust(II) Pigeonpea(C) Neck blast(III) Wheat(D) Fusarium wilt(IV) Groundnut
- (A)-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(I)
- (A)-(IV), (B)-(I), (C)-(III), (D)-(II)
- (A)-(IV), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(III)
- (A)-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
Match List-I with List-IIList-I (Chemical)List-II (Seed related tests)(A) GA₃(I) Seed viability(B) Thiourea(II) Seed germination(C) 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride(III) Seed longevity(D) Calcium chloride(IV) Seed dormancy
- (A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(III), (D)-(I)
- (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III)
- (A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(III)
- (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
In India, the release of a new crop variety consists of the following four major steps. Arrange the steps in sequence from the start to the last. (A) Identification of the superior strains in the Annual Workshop of the specific crop(B) Development of an improved strain of a particular crop(C) Evaluation of the improved strain in multilocation trial(D) Release and notification of the crop variety by the variety release committee
- (B), (A), (C), (D)
- (B), (C), (A), (D)
- (B), (A), (D), (C)
- (C), (B), (D), (A)
Like in animals, in plants also, the embryo develops in a phased manner that happens in sequential order. Below is a list of various stages of embryogenesis in a model dicot plant (Capsella bursa-pastoris). Arrange them sequentially in the proper order of development.(A) Globular stage(B) Torpedo stage(C) Heart stage(D) Pro-embryo stage
- (D), (A), (C), (B)
- (D), (B), (C), (A)
- (B), (A), (D), (C)
- (C), (B), (D), (A)
Seed and fruit development in plants takes place step-by-step. Arrange the following steps in sequential order of development starting from the earliest to the latest one –(A) Fertilized ovule develops into the seed(B) Pollen lands on the stigma and grows a pollen tube down through the style to the ovary(C) The ovary develops into fruit(D) The nucleus of the pollen grain travels down the pollen tube and fertilizes the nucleus in the ovule
- (D), (B), (A), (C)
- (A), (B), (D), (C)
- (B), (A), (D), (C)
- (B), (D), (A), (C)
Given below are two statements:Statement (I): Mature corn seed is exalbuminous.Statement (II): A full-grown corn embryo contains a single cotyledon within it.
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are false
- Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false
- Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other one is labelled as Reason (R).Assertion (A): The seeds of wild-type soybean (Glycine soja) lives longer than the seeds of cultivated type (G. max L.)Reason (R): The wild-type soybean (Glycine soja) seeds are small, black, and have an impermeable seed coat with very little content of oil that might enhance the seed longevity.
- Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
- Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A)
- (A) is correct but (R) is not correct
- (A) is not correct but (R) is correct
Given below are two statements:Statement (I): Erect and flat flag leaves interrupt pollen dispersal leading to poor seed set in the rice hybrid seed production program.Statement (II): The use of a ‘flag leafless male sterile line’ (lines without flag leaves) would increase the yield of hybrid seed production.
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are incorrect
- Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect
- Statement (I) is incorrect but Statement (II) is correct
Which of the following is the scientific name of a major fiber crop cultivated in India?
- Gossypium hirsutum
- Corchorus olitorius
- Cannabis sativa
- Linum usitatissimum
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).Assertion (A): Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) are agricultural training centers that provide technological support and guidance to farmers at the grassroot level.Reason (R): KVKs are established by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) to disseminate the latest agricultural technologies to farmers through on-farm demonstrations, training programs, and other extension activities.
- Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
- Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A)
- (A) is true but (R) is false
- (A) is false but (R) is true
Match List-I with List-IIItemPurpose(A) CBD(I) Ensures the safe handling, transport, and use of LMOs resulting from modern biotechnology(B) ITPGRFA(II) Ensures the conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture(C) Cartagena Protocol(III) Access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their utilization(D) Nagoya Protocol(IV) Promotes the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity
- A-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(III)
- A-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)
- A-(IV), (B)-(II), (C)-(I), (D)-(III)
- A-(III), (B)-(II), (C)-(I), (D)-(IV)
Match List-I with List-IIList-I (Revolution event)List-II (Associated with)(A) Green revolution(I) Milk(B) White revolution(II) Fish(C) Blue revolution(III) Wheat(D) Yellow revolution(IV) Oilseeds
- A-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(III)
- A-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), (D)-(IV)
- A-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
- A-(III), (B)-(II), (C)-(I), (D)-(IV)
Which of the following Geographical Indication is not matched correctly?
- Basmati rice – North India
- Fazli mango – Maharashtra
- Mysore betel leaf – Karnataka
- Malabar pepper – Kerala
Match the following itemsLegislation NameEnactment Year(A) The National Food Security Act(I) 2001(B) The PPV & FRA(II) 2013(C) The Biological Diversity Act(III) 1966(D) The National Seeds Act(IV) 2002
- A-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(III), (D)-(I)
- A-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), (D)-(IV)
- A-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(III)
- A-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)
Which of the following factors can NOT cause a population to deviate from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
- Genetic drift
- Gene flow
- Mutations
- Sexual reproduction
Given below are two statements:Statement (I): The Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR) is a constituent institute of the ICAR.Statement (II): The IIHR is primarily focused on research related to fruit, vegetable, and ornamental crops.
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are false
- Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false
- Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true
‘Vibrant Village Program’ aimed at the development of Northern states of India was launched by the Indian government in April 2023 which will cover 2967 villages in 46 blocks of 19 districts. Which of the following states are represented under this program:(A) Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim(B) Haryana and Punjab(C) Union Territories of Ladakh and Jammu & Kashmir(D) Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand
- (A), (B) and (C) only
- (A), (B) and (D) only
- (B), (C) and (D) only
- (A), (C) and (D) only
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).Assertion (A): Genetic recombination is an important mechanism of increasing genetic diversity in sexually reproducing organisms.Reason (R): Genetic recombination occurs during meiosis when homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material through crossing over, resulting in new combinations of alleles in the gametes.
- Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
- Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A)
- (A) is true but (R) is false
- (A) is false but (R) is true
Which one is NOT correct with respect to transpiration in plants?
- Transpiration is the process by which water is lost from the leaves of a plant in the form of water vapor.
- Transpiration is an important process for regulating the temperature of a plant by cooling the leaves through the loss of water vapor.
- Transpiration rates are influenced by environmental factors such as humidity, temperature, and wind speed.
- Transpiration plays an important and direct role in the uptake of nutrients by plants from the soil.
Which of the following is true regarding CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing in crops?
- It involves the insertion of foreign genes into the crop’s genome.
- It can only be used to delete genes, not modify them.
- It allows for precise and targeted modifications to a crop’s DNA.
- It is a new technology but not for use in crop improvement.
Choose the correct option for the chromosome number in ascending order in the following crops:(A) Rice(B) Pigeon pea(C) Groundnut(D) Wheat
- (A), (D), (C), (B)
- (A), (B), (C), (D)
- (B), (A), (C), (D)
- (B), (A), (D), (C)
Which of the following is true about the start codon in the genetic code dictionary?
- It is the same as one of the stop codons
- It codes primarily for the amino acid methionine
- The codon is UAG
- It codes for the amino acid valine
Given below are two statements:Statement (I): During photosynthesis, light energy is used to produce ATP and NADPH during the light-dependent reactions.Statement (II): ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions are used to break down glucose into carbon dioxide and water during light-independent reactions.
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are false
- Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false
- Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).Assertion (A): DNA replication is a semi-conservative process.Reason (R): In semi-conservative DNA replication, the two strands of DNA are separated, and each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand. Therefore, each new double-stranded DNA molecule consists of one original strand and one newly synthesized strand.
- Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
- Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A)
- (A) is true but (R) is false
- (A) is false but (R) is true
Which of the following molecular marker techniques is the best for studying genome-wide genetic variation in crop plants?
- RFLP
- RAPD
- AFLP
- SNP
The inflorescence of wheat is called:
- Rachis
- Spike
- Awns
- Spadix
Given below are two statements:Statement (I): Potato is an important cash crop for Indian farmers.Statement (II): Potatoes are a versatile crop that can be used for food, feed, and industrial purposes. The crop has a high yield potential and can be grown in different agro-climatic conditions.
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true
- Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are false
- Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false
- Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true
Match List-I with List-IIList-I (Seed Class)List-II (Description)(A) Breeder seed(I) Seed produced from foundation seed(B) Foundation seed(II) Genetically pure source for breeder seed(C) Nucleus seed(III) Source for certified seed(D) Certified seed(IV) Produced from nucleus seed
- A-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(III)
- A-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(I)
- A-(IV), (B)-(I), (C)-(III), (D)-(II)
- A-(II), (B)-(I), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)