ICAR PG Plant Science - 2024 — Agri Master Mind

Fertilization is an important event in angiosperm, which involves several critical activities. Below are a few major steps of fertilization in plants. Arrange them from the beginning to the last, systematically.(A). Pollen germination.(B). Anthesis followed by pollination.(C). Fertilization(D). Penetration of the ovuleChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • (A), (B), (C), (D)
  • (A), (C), (B), (D)
  • (B), (A), (D), (C)
  • (C), (B), (D), (A)
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).Assertion (A): In eukaryotic cells, the newly synthesized polypeptide chain is often modified after translation.Reason (R): Post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, glycosylation, and cleavage may occur to the polypeptide chain to attain its functional form.In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below
  • Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
  • Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
  • (A) is correct but (R) is not correct.
  • (A) is not correct but (R) is correct.
Given below are two statements:Statement (I): Heterosis refers to the phenomenon where the hybrid offspring exhibit superior trait performance compared to their parents.Statement (II): Heterosis is primarily attributed to the combination of favorable alleles from each parent, resulting in enhanced trait performance of the hybrid offspring.In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
  • Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true.
  • Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are false.
  • Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false.
  • Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true.
Match List-I with List-IIList-I: Phytochemicals(A). Erusic acid(B). Kunitz trypsin inhibitor(C). BOAA(D). Phytic acidList-II: Crops where it is found(I). Glycine max(II). Zea mays(III). Brassica spp(IV). Lathyrus sativusChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • (A) - (III), (B) - (IV), (C) - (I), (D) - (II)
  • (A) - (II), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (III)
  • (A) - (III), (B) - (IV), (C) - (II), (D) - (I)
  • (A) - (III), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (II)
Given below are two statements:Statement (I): Transcription is the process in which a gene's DNA sequence is transcribed to make an RNA moleculeStatement (II): For transcription, RNA polymerase binds to the promoter situated upstream of the gene to be transcribedIn light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
  • Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct.
  • Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are incorrect.
  • Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect.
  • Statement (I) is incorrect but Statement (II) is correct.
If an individual does not show a trait even though they have the appropriate genotype, the trait is said to exhibit
  • Variable expressivity
  • Incomplete penetrance
  • Partial dominance
  • Co-dominance
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).Assertion (A): During DNA replication, the lagging strand is replicated in short piecesReason (R): DNA polymerase can synthesize the DNA only in one direction i.e 5’ to 3’In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
  • Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
  • Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
  • (A) is true but (R) is false.
  • (A) is false but (R) is true.
Which of the following is NOT a feature of Oomycetes plant pathogens?
  • Motile spores
  • Coloured spores
  • Hyaline mycelium
  • Coenocytic mycelium
The formula: [Sum of (Observed-Expected)²/Expected] is also known as
  • F-test statistic
  • Chi-square statistic
  • T-test statistic
  • Variance statistic
Which of the following is a term for a plant or an embryo that contains only a gametic chromosome set:
  • Monoploid
  • Aneuploid
  • Haploid
  • Gametophyte
Which of the following statements is NOT true for Koch’s first postulate
  • The microorganism must be present in every case of the disease
  • The specific disease must be reproduced when a pure culture of the microorganism is inoculated into healthy susceptible host
  • The causative agent of the disease must be present in every diseased host
  • The microorganism must be isolated from diseased host and grown in Mixed culture
Which one of the following factor influences the determination of isolation distance requirement in cross-pollinated crops?
  • Plant height
  • Germination rate
  • Soil fertility
  • Type of pollinating agent
Which of the following statements are INCORRECT about ‘Enforced seed dormancy’?(A). Enforced seed dormancy occurs due to certain genetical and physiological factors.(B). Enforced seed dormancy is truly a specific character of the seeds.(C). High soil temperature and NO₃ content of the surface soil may help break the enforced seed dormancy.(D). Cultivation practices may also break the enforced seed dormancy by exposing the seeds to better aeration.Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • (A), and (B) only.
  • (A), and (C) only.
  • (A), and (D) only.
  • (B), and (D) only.
The primary objectives of conservation of the plant genetic resources are(A). To conserve genetic diversity for future generations(B). To promote monoculture farming practices(C). To eradicate invasive plant species(D). To ensure food security and sustainable agriculture(E). To facilitate research and innovation in plant breedingChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • (A), (B), (D) and (E) only
  • (A), (D) and (E) only
  • (B), (C), (D) and (E) only
  • (C), (D) and (E) only
Both plant and animal cells contain some small organelles called ‘peroxisomes’, which are dedicated to the metabolism of substances such as
  • Fibre
  • Sugar
  • Fats and amino acids
  • Starch
Given below are two statements:Statement (I): DNA replication proceeds in a bidirectional manner from multiple origins of replication in prokaryotic cells.Statement (II): Okazaki fragments are short DNA fragments synthesized on the leading strand during DNA replication in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
  • Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true.
  • Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are false.
  • Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false.
  • Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true.
Which of the following is one of the key adaptive features of fungal spores that aid them in long-distance transmission?
  • Long flagella like appendages
  • Low melanin content
  • High melanin contents
  • Short flagella like appendages
Given below are two statements:Statement (I): Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism is a type of molecular marker that relies on enzymatic digestion and PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)Statement (II): Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism is a type of molecular marker that detects variations in the length of DNA fragments generated by digestion with restriction enzymes.In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
  • Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true.
  • Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are false.
  • Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false.
  • Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true.
Who proposed ‘Operon’ model for gene regulation in bacteria
  • Sanger
  • Watson and Crick
  • James and Monad
  • Jacob and Monad
Choose the correct option about MagnaportheA. Magnaporthe affects only monocotsB. Magnaporthe affects only dicotsC. Magnaporthe is seed-borneD. Magnaporthe is non motile
  • (A), (B) and (D) only.
  • (A), (B) and (C) only.
  • (A), (B), (C) and (D).
  • (A), (C) and (D) only.
The chasmogamy in plants is best described as
  • The condition in which flowers remain closed during the day and open at night.
  • The condition in which flowers open only after they have been pollinated.
  • The condition in which flowers fail to open and miss self pollination.
  • The condition in which flowers are pollinated by wind instead of insects.
Choose the correct combination of statements about Whiplash and Tinsel flagellum(A). Whiplash flagellum is directed backward(B). Tinsel flagellum is directed forward(C). Whiplash and Tinsel flagellum can not coexist(D). Whiplash and Tinsel flagellum may coexistChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • (A), (B) and (D) only
  • (A), (C) and (D) only
  • (A), (B), (C) and (D)
  • (B), (C) and (D) only
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).Assertion (A): In nature, the tetraploid and hexaploid wheat reproduce as diploid (2n=28 or 2n = 42).Reason (R): In the presence of the Ph1 allele in chromosome 5B, each chromosome pairs only with its homologue from the same genome and reproduces as diploid.In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
  • Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
  • Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
  • (A) is true but (R) is false.
  • (A) is false but (R) is true.
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).Assertion (A): During meiosis, genetic recombination occurs which leads to genetic diversity among offspring.Reason (R): Genetic recombination is facilitated by the crossing over of homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
  • Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
  • Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
  • (A) is correct but (R) is not correct.
  • (A) is not correct but (R) is correct.
Given below are two statements, one is labeled as Assertion (A), and the other one is labeled as Reason (R).Assertion (A): Self-incompatibility, male sterility, and pistillate condition have one effect in common i.e. they prevent self-pollination.Reason (R): Self-incompatibility and male sterility are used in hybrid seed production while pistillate condition is used in inbred development.In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
  • Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
  • Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
  • (A) is true but (R) is false.
  • (A) is false but (R) is true.
Match List-I with List-IIList-IBiocompound(A). 2, 4-diacetyl-phloroglucinol(B). Herbicolin(C). Zwittermicin A(D). Xanthobaccin AList-IIOrganism(I). Pseudomonas fluorescens(II). Pantoea agglomerans(III). Bacillus cereus(IV). Lysobacter spChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • (A) - (I), (B) - (III), (C) - (II), (D) - (IV)
  • (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (III), (D) - (IV)
  • (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (IV), (D) - (III)
  • (A) - (III), (B) - (IV), (C) - (I), (D) - (II)
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).Assertion (A): Methane is the major gas generated during anaerobic digestion of organic materials.Reason (R): Methanotrophs are the key players in anaerobic digestion of organic matterIn light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
  • Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
  • Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
  • (A) is true but (R) is false.
  • (A) is false but (R) is true.
Which of the following fungi form endomycorrhizal associations with the plants
  • Ascomycetes
  • Basidiomycetes
  • Chytrids
  • Glomeromycetes
Cytoplasmic male sterility is commonly used in hybrid seed production in the following crops:(A). Wheat(B). Sorghum(C). Sunflower(D). Corn(E). ChickpeaChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • (B), (C) and (D) only
  • (B), (C), (D) and (E) only
  • (A), (B) and (C) only
  • (A), (B), (C) and (D) only
In humans, __________ traits are much easier to identify than __________ traits. Choose the correct pair of words from the options given below for filling in the blanks :
  • Recessive autosomal traits; X-linked traits
  • X-linked traits; Dominant autosomal traits
  • X-linked traits; Recessive autosomal traits
  • Dominant autosomal traits; X-linked traits
Match List-I with List-IIList-I (Microorganism)List-II (Genetic Principle)(A) Streptococcus pneumoniae(I) One gene–one enzyme(B) Neurospora crassa(II) RNA is the genetic material(C) T4 Bacteriophage (rII locus)(III) DNA is the genetic material(D) TMV(IV) Fine structure of geneChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • (A) - (III), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (II)
  • (A) - (III), (B) - (I), (C) - (II), (D) - (IV)
  • (A) - (II), (B) - (IV), (C) - (I), (D) - (III)
  • (A) - (I), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (III)
Given below are two statements:Statement (I): Horizontal gene transfer among the microbes is responsible for the transmission of virulence factorsStatement (II): Horizontal gene transfer can happen between microbes and plants alsoIn light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
  • Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct
  • Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are incorrect
  • Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect
  • Statement (I) is incorrect but Statement (II) is correct
Choose the correct order of the following microbes based on their requirement of host - from dead to living(A). Saprotrophs(B). Biotrophs(C). Hemibiotrophs(D). NecrotrophsChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • (A), (B), (C), (D)
  • (A), (D), (C), (B)
  • (B), (A), (D), (C)
  • (C), (B), (D), (A)
Which of the following was responsible for the extinction of the Banana Variety "Gros Michel" from the market due to its high susceptibility?
  • Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 1
  • Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4 or tropical race 4
  • Ralstonia solanacearum race 2
  • Ralstonia solanacearum race 4
Which combinations of the following statements about Abscisic Acid (ABA) in plants are correct?(A). ABA is important for plant development and desiccation tolerance.(B). ABA influences the expression of various genes, including the gene for Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins.(C). ABA also regulates the closure of aquaporins.(D). Like GAs, the ABA also strongly promotes early flowering in plants.Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • (A), (B) and (C) only.
  • (A), (B) and (D) only.
  • (A), (C) and (D) only.
  • (B), (C) and (D) only.
In the case of Lac operon, the presence of glucose in the cell/ growing media will lead to
  • Increased induction
  • Catabolite repression
  • Slow induction
  • Zero effect induction
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).Assertion (A): Phytoplasma do not have cell wall and motilityReason (R): Phytoplasma colonize phloemIn light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
  • Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
  • Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
  • (A) is true but (R) is false.
  • (A) is false but (R) is true.
Which of the following traits are observed in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes?(A). 70S ribosomes(B). Nuclear division by Mitosis(C). Phagocytosis(D). Binary fission(E). Presence of NucleolusChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • (A), (B) and (D) only.
  • (A), (B) and (C) only.
  • (B) and (E)
  • (B), (C) and (E) only.
Given below are two statements:Statement (I): Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an yeast, is the most widely used microorganism for industrial ethanol fermentationStatement (II): Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces ethanol through glycolytic (Embden Meyerhof Parnas) PathwayIn light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
  • Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct.
  • Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are incorrect.
  • Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect.
  • Statement (I) is incorrect but Statement (II) is correct.
Arrange the following organisms in ascending order of their genomic complexities(A). Viroid(B). Virus(C). Phytoplasma(D). BacteriaChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • (A), (B), (C), (D)
  • (A), (D), (C), (B)
  • (B), (A), (D), (C)
  • (C), (B), (D), (A)
Cannulae and Hami are the cellular structures found in
  • Yeast
  • Archaea
  • Mycoplasma
  • Bacteria
Male sterile cytoplasm in crop plants usually arises from-(A). Inter-specific hybridization(B). Self-incompatibility(C). Spontaneous mutation(D). Induced mutation through Ethium BromideChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • (A), (B) and (C) only.
  • (A), (B) and (D) only.
  • (A), (C) and (D) only.
  • (B), (C) and (D) only.
Based on following statements, choose the correct combination.(A). Plasmodiophora brassicae causes clubroot of crucifers(B). Spongospora subterranean causes powdery scab of potato(C). Polymyxa graminis is a vector for soilborne wheat mosaic virus(D). Plasmodiophoromycota are biotrophic parasitesChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • (A), (B) and (D) only
  • (A), (C) and (D) only
  • (A), (B), (C) and (D)
  • (B), (C) and (D) only
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).Assertion (A): Foundation seed is the progeny of breeder seed or the first generation of seed produced after breeder seed.Reason (R): Foundation seed is primarily used for research purposes only.In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
  • Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
  • Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
  • (A) is correct but (R) is not correct.
  • (A) is not correct but (R) is correct.
Given below are two statements:Statement (I): Bacteria need pre-existing openings or wounds on plants to initiate infectionStatement (II): Bacteria do not produce specialized infective structuresIn light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
  • Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct.
  • Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are incorrect.
  • Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect.
  • Statement (I) is incorrect but Statement (II) is correct.
The physiological characteristics of wheat plants that adapt different wheat cultivars to different climates include-(A). Fertilizer requirement(B). Vernalization requirement(C). Winter hardiness (cold tolerance)(D). Photoperiod responseChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • (A), (B) and (C) only.
  • (A), (B) and (D) only.
  • (A), (C) and (D) only.
  • (B), (C) and (D) only.
The development of Synthetic Varieties is practiced commonly in some cross-pollinated crops. It involves several important steps as given below. Arrange the steps of synthetic variety development in chronological order i.e. from the beginning to the last.(A). Evaluation of the inbreds for GCA followed by selection of the inbreds as parental lines.(B). Multiplication in isolation for one or more generations followed by distribution as synthetic varieties for commercial cultivation.(C). Collection of diverse inbred lines for synthetic variety development.(D). Crossing of the inbred lines in isolation in all possible combinations followed by mixing in equal proportion of seeds from all the cross combinations.Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • (C), (A), (B), (D)
  • (A), (C), (D), (B)
  • (B), (A), (D), (C)
  • (C), (A), (D), (B)
Which of the following statements about synthetic varieties are correct?(A). Unlike hybrids, the farmers can save the seeds of synthetic varieties.(B). Synthetic varieties have wider adaptability.(C). No need to make fresh crosses every year.(D). Synthetic varieties are higher yielding than the hybrids.Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • (A), (B) and (C) only.
  • (A), (B) and (D) only.
  • (A), (C) and (D) only.
  • (B), (C) and (D) only.
Match List-I with List-IIList-IList-II(A) Discontinuous heating(I) UV rays(B) Destruction of all viable forms including spores(II) Gamma rays(C) Ionization of biological molecules(III) Tyndallization(D) Pyrimidine dimerization(IV) Steam sterilization under pressureChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (IV), (D) - (III)
  • (A) - (III), (B) - (IV), (C) - (I), (D) - (II)
  • (A) - (I), (B) - (III), (C) - (IV), (D) - (II)
  • (A) - (III), (B) - (IV), (C) - (II), (D) - (I)
Which of the following statements is NOT correct?(A). Seeds of synthetic varieties need to be replaced every year.(B). Hybrid crops need intensive care and more inputs.(C). Open pollinated progeny test is used in Maize and Pearlmillet.(D). Composite varieties exploit both GCA and SCA.Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • (A), (B) and (C) only.
  • (A), (B) and (D) only.
  • (A), (C) and (D) only.
  • (B), (C) and (D) only.
Arrange the following concepts/principles chronologically from the oldest to the latest.(A). Gene-for-gene hypothesis(B). Dominance hypothesis(C). Transforming principles(D). Concept of heterosisChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • (C), (A), (B), (D)
  • (C), (D), (A), (B)
  • (B), (D), (C), (A)
  • (B), (D), (A), (C)
Aneuploidy describes a numerical change in part of the genome, usually from the dosage of a single chromosome. If a chromosome or segment is overrepresented, it is called-
  • Hypoploid
  • Alloploid
  • Polyploid
  • Hyperploid
Match List-I with List-IIList-I (Plant Disease)List-II (Causal Agent)(A) Black pod(I) Phytophthora infestans(B) Buckeye rot(II) Phytophthora parasitica(C) Black shank(III) Phytophthora capsici(D) Late blight(IV) Phytophthora megakaryaChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • (A) - (IV), (B) - (III), (C) - (II), (D) - (I)
  • (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (III), (D) - (IV)
  • (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (IV), (D) - (III)
  • (A) - (III), (B) - (IV), (C) - (I), (D) - (II)
Which of the following microorganisms can fix nitrogen symbiotically(A). Anabaena(B). Azotobacter(C). Frankia(D). Ulothrix(E). BradyrhizobiumChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • (A), (B) and (E) only
  • (A), (C) and (E) only
  • (A), (D) and (E) only
  • (A), (C), (D) and (E) only
In a DNA molecule, if 30% of the bases are adenine, what will be the percentage of cytosine bases
  • 30
  • 25
  • 60
  • 20
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).Assertion (A): Viruses are molecular parasitesReason (R): Viruses depend on host for their basic functions like replicationIn light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
  • Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
  • Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
  • (A) is true but (R) is false.
  • (A) is false but (R) is true.
Given below are two statements:Statement (I): Double fertilization involves the fusion of two sperm cells with two egg cells.Statement (II): In double fertilization, one sperm cell fuses with the egg cell, while the other sperm cell fuses with the two polar nuclei.In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
  • Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true.
  • Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are false.
  • Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false.
  • Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true.
Match List-I with List-IIList-I (Seed Tests)List-II (Purpose)(A) Grow-out test(I) Leachate discharge(B) Tetrazolium test(II) Seed coat permeability(C) Electrical conductivity(III) Seed purity(D) Imbibition test(IV) Seed viabilityChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • (A) - (III), (B) - (IV), (C) - (I), (D) - (II)
  • (A) - (III), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (II)
  • (A) - (IV), (B) - (III), (C) - (I), (D) - (II)
  • (A) - (IV), (B) - (I), (C) - (II), (D) - (III)
Arrange the following terms/events chronologically based on their birth/discovery from the oldest to the latest.(A). ‘DNA double helix’ discovery(B). Coining of the term ‘Gene’(C). Coining of the term ‘Genetics’(D). Reporting of the ‘Pure line theory’Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • (D), (A), (B), (C)
  • (D), (C), (B), (A)
  • (B), (C), (D), (A)
  • (C), (B), (D), (A)
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).Assertion (A): The secondary spread of the pathogen propagules that are identical in virulence is mostly responsible for epidemicsReason (R): Secondary propagules are mostly asexually producedIn light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
  • Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
  • Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
  • (A) is true but (R) is false.
  • (A) is false but (R) is true.
Which one of the following statements about the mode of reproduction is NOT correct?
  • Self-fertilization, where pollen from a plant will fertilize ovules of the same plant
  • Cross-pollination, where pollen from one plant can only fertilize a different plant
  • Asexual propagation, where the new plant is genetically identical to its parent
  • Apomixis, where seeds are produced asexually and the new plant is quite improved and different from its parents.
‘Ti Plasmid’ is associated with which disease
  • Crown gall
  • Root Rot
  • Damping off
  • Rust
The characteristic features of monocot seeds include-(A). Seeds germinate bearing a short axis called Plumule and Radicle.(B). Plumule and Radicle are enclosed in a sheath called Coleoptile and Coleorhiza, respectively.(C). The radicle grows downward and develops into the root system.(D). The cotyledon of the seeds of the monocot crop Sorghum (Jowar) is known as ‘Husk’Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • (A), (B) and (C) only.
  • (A), (B) and (D) only.
  • (A), (C) and (D) only.
  • (B), (C) and (D) only.
Given below are two statements:Statement (I): Viruses can insert their genes into the host genomeStatement (II): Viral gene insertion in nature may lead to major phenotypic alteration in the hostIn light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
  • Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct.
  • Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are incorrect.
  • Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect.
  • Statement (I) is incorrect but Statement (II) is correct.
Which of the following is known to cause abnormal and unlimited proliferation of plant cells?
  • Agrobacterium
  • Rhizobium
  • Xanthomonas
  • Erwinia
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).Assertion (A): Rust is incited not only by fungi but also by other organismsReason (R): Colour of rust pustule reveal its causal agentIn light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
  • Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
  • Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
  • (A) is true but (R) is false.
  • (A) is false but (R) is true.
Match List-I with List-IIList-I (Characteristic)List-II (DNA Marker)(A) Restriction digestion followed by PCR amplification of selected fragments(I) RFLP(B) Use of PCR to amplify repeat motifs of DNA(II) SNP(C) Variation in single nucleotides within a DNA sequence(III) SSR(D) Detection of variations in the length of DNA fragments produced by restriction enzymes(IV) AFLPChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • A - (II), B - (I), C - (IV), D - (III)
  • A - (IV), B - (III), C - (I), D - (II)
  • A - (IV), B - (III), C - (II), D - (I)
  • A - (II), B - (I), C - (III), D - (IV)
Which of the following organisms naturally possess CRISPR-Cas systems?
  • Plants
  • Bacteria
  • Fungi
  • Mammals
Which term is commonly used to describe the specific sequence of bases recognized by restriction enzymes?
  • Clamping sequence or anchoring sequence
  • Binding sequence
  • Recognition sequence or restriction site
  • Target sequence
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).Assertion (A): The genetic code is degenerativeReason (R): The genetic code is nearly universalIn light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
  • Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
  • Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
  • (A) is true but (R) is false.
  • (A) is false but (R) is true.
__________ is a second mutation that compensates for the effect of an original, first mutation. Choose the most appropriate option from the below-mentioned options to fill in the gap.
  • Forward mutation
  • Supplementary mutation
  • Suppressor mutation
  • Compensatory mutation
During which phase of the cell cycle are chromosomes most condensed and visible under a microscope?
  • G1 phase
  • S phase
  • G2 phase
  • M phase (mitosis)
Which of the following combinations of the premises of ‘Gamete Selection’ in plant breeding is the correct one?(A). Multiparent crosses are required for simultaneous improvements of multiple traits.(B). The male parents of the final crosses are heterozygous and hence heterogametic.(C). Each zygotic seed is a product of a separate, independent fertilization event.(D). Gametic selection is an effective method to isolate an inbred for hybrid breeding.Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • (A), (B) and (C) only.
  • (A), (B) and (D) only.
  • (A), (C) and (D) only.
  • (B), (C) and (D) only.
Number of National Bureaus under ICAR system at present is
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8
Match List-I with List-IIList-I (Scientist)List-II (Discovery)(A) T.H. Morgan(I) Chromosomal non-disjunction(B) Calvin B. Bridges(II) Divisibility of gene in Drosophila(C) Clarence P. Oliver(III) Deletion mapping(D) Seymour Benzer(IV) Chromosomal theory of inheritanceChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • (A) - (I), (B) - (IV), (C) - (II), (D) - (III)
  • (A) - (III), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (II)
  • (A) - (IV), (B) - (I), (C) - (II), (D) - (III)
  • (A) - (IV), (B) - (I), (C) - (III), (D) - (II)
Chemicals that store energy for the majority of work within cells are called:
  • Lipid
  • Protein
  • Carbohydrate
  • Enzyme
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).Assertion (A): Deuteromycetes are known as ‘Fungi Imperfecti’Reason (R): In ‘Deuteromycetes’ only the asexual phase is knownIn light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
  • Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
  • Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
  • (A) is true but (R) is false.
  • (A) is false but (R) is true.
Which of the following food items is not prepared by fermentation
  • Bread
  • Beer
  • Cheeze
  • Cake
Arrange the following events in the correct order(A). Restoration of Effector Triggered Susceptibility by Pathogen(B). Effector triggered susceptibility by Pathogen(C). Effector triggered immunity by Plant(D). PAMP triggered immunity by PlantChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • (D), (B), (C), (A)
  • (A), (B), (C), (D)
  • (B), (A), (D), (C)
  • (C), (B), (D), (A)
In a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, if the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype (AA) is 0.64, what is the frequency of the dominant allele (A)?
  • 0.0064
  • 0.32
  • 0.8
  • 0.4
Which of the following microorganisms are used in Yogurt preparation(A). Bacillus cereus(B). Bacillus amyloliquefaciens(C). Streptococcus thermophiles(D). Lactobacillus bulgaricusChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • (A), (B) and (D)
  • (C) and (D)
  • (B), (C) and (D)
  • (D) only
Which of the following is a common strategy used by seeds to survive harsh environmental conditions?
  • Rapid germination
  • Deep burial
  • Dormancy
  • High metabolic activity
Which of the following organization is primarily responsible for the collection, evaluation, and conservation of plant genetic resources in India for research purposes?
  • Protection of Plant varieties & Farmers Right Authority
  • National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources
  • Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare
  • Bioversity International
Match List-I with List-IIList-I (Types of Aneuploid)List-II (Genomic Formula)(A) Nullisomic–Monosomic(I) (2n + 1) – (2n − 1)(B) Double Monosomic(II) (2n − 1) – (2n + 1)(C) Monosomic–Trisomic(III) (2n − 2) – (2n − 1)(D) Trisomic–Monosomic(IV) 2n − 1 − 1 Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • (A) - (III), (B) - (IV), (C) - (I), (D) - (II)
  • (A) - (III), (B) - (IV), (C) - (II), (D) - (I)
  • (A) - (IV), (B) - (III), (C) - (II), (D) - (I)
  • (A) - (IV), (B) - (III), (C) - (I), (D) - (II)
Match List-I with List-IIList-I (Seed Type)List-II (Examples)(A) Orthodox seed(I) Coffee(B) Recalcitrant seed(II) Chickpea(C) Impermeable seed coat(III) Capsicum(D) Hypogeal germination(IV) Soybean (wild type)Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • (A) - (II), (B) - (IV), (C) - (I), (D) - (III)
  • (A) - (II), (B) - (I), (C) - (III), (D) - (IV)
  • (A) - (III), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (II)
  • (A) - (III), (B) - (I), (C) - (II), (D) - (IV)
Which of the following statements truly describes self-incompatibility in plants?(A). Self-incompatibility prevents self-fertilization in plants.(B). Self-incompatibility promotes outcrossing and thus increases genetic diversity within plant populations.(C). Self-incompatibility is a mechanism that allows plants to self-fertilize efficiently.(D). Self-incompatibility is controlled by genetic mechanisms within the plant.Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • (A), (B) and (C) only
  • (B), (C) and (D) only
  • (A), (C) and (D) only
  • (A), (B) and (D) only
Match List-I with List-IIList-I (Component of Microscope)List-II (Description)(A) Turret in a microscope(I) Lever beneath the opening in the stage; regulates light using metal leaves(B) Condenser in a microscope(II) Revolving plate bearing objective lenses(C) Arm of a microscope(III) Short metal tube containing a lens fitted at the top(D) Ocular lens(IV) C-shaped pillar arising from base supporting componentsChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (III), (D) - (IV)
  • (A) - (II), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (III)
  • (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (IV), (D) - (III)
  • (A) - (II), (B) - (III), (C) - (I), (D) - (IV)
Which of the following is NOT a serious limitation for conserving the plant genetic resources under in-vitro repositories?
  • Genetic stability may be compromised over time due to accumulation of somaclonal variations.
  • High cost associated with establishment and maintenance of in-vitro collections.
  • Limited capacity to conserve large collections compared to field genebanks.
  • Vulnerability to catastrophic events such as power outages or equipment failure.
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).Assertion (A): Biotrophs can be easily cultured in artificial mediumReason (R): Biotrophs lost their independent growth due to co-evolution with the hostIn light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
  • Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
  • Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
  • (A) is correct but (R) is not correct.
  • (A) is not correct but (R) is correct.
Given below are two statements:Statement (I): First generation bioethanol is produced from sugar, starch and vegetable oilsStatement (II): Second generation biofuels are derived from AlgaeIn light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
  • Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct.
  • Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are incorrect.
  • Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect.
  • Statement (I) is incorrect but Statement (II) is correct.
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).Assertion (A): In a breeding program, it is relatively easy to handle the ‘major genes’ for resistance, but it leads to the boom and bust cycle due to the quick breakdown of resistance in the varieties.Reason (R): Polygenic or partial resistance is durable but breeding for this type of resistance is problematic.In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
  • Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
  • Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
  • (A) is true but (R) is false.
  • (A) is false but (R) is true.
Match List-I with List-IIList-I (Operon Component)List-II (Role)(A) Promoter(I) Produces repressor protein(B) Operator(II) Site where repressor binds(C) Structural gene(III) Code for functional proteins(D) Regulatory gene(IV) Binding site for RNA polymeraseChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • (A)-(IV), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(I)
  • (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), (D)-(IV)
  • (A)-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
  • (A)-(II), (B)-(III), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I)
Given below are two statements:Statement (I): Tobacco mosaic virus is a rod shaped virus that contains RNA as nucleic acidStatement (II): RNA in the tobacco mosaic virus is double strandedIn light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
  • Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct.
  • Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are incorrect.
  • Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect.
  • Statement (I) is incorrect but Statement (II) is correct.
Human beings have a large-sized ‘proteome’. The principal and more significant reason for this is-
  • Humans have an extremely large genome.
  • An individual gene of the human genome may encode many different polypeptides.
  • Humans are the most complex living organism.
  • The human genome contains millions of different genes.
Given below are two statements:Statement (I): Non-proteinaceous molecules associated with the enzymes are called cofactorsStatement (II): The cofactors can be a metal ion or an organic moleculeIn light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
  • Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct.
  • Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are incorrect.
  • Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect.
  • Statement (I) is incorrect but Statement (II) is correct.
The longest phase during the eukaryotic cell cycle is
  • G1
  • G2
  • S
  • M
Which of the following seed testing methods assesses seed viability by artificially enhancing the age of the seeds?
  • Tetrazolium test
  • Grow out test
  • Accelerated aging test
  • EC test
__________ can occur in either the first or second meiotic division to produce abnormal gametes. Choose the correct word from the below-given option to fill in the gap.
  • Translocation
  • Inversion
  • Non-disjunction
  • Insertions
Arrange the following components in chronological order of their development during infection(A). Spore(B). Appressorium(C). Infection Hypha(D). GermtubeChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • (A), (B), (D), (C)
  • (A), (D), (B), (C)
  • (B), (A), (D), (C)
  • (C), (B), (D), (A)
Given below are two statements:Statement (I): Anton de Bary’s experiment paved the way for the modern-day plant pathology experimentsStatement (II): Anton de Bary was a medical doctorIn light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
  • Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct.
  • Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are incorrect.
  • Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect.
  • Statement (I) is incorrect but Statement (II) is correct.
Given below are two statements:Statement (I): Vertical resistance is exploited in agriculture by pathologists and breeders for crop improvementStatement (II): Vertical resistance is mostly monogenic in natureIn light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
  • Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true.
  • Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are false.
  • Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false.
  • Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true
The objectives of the International Treaty of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture include:(A). To promote the conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture.(B). To ensure the fair and equitable sharing of benefits derived from the use of plant genetic resources.(C). To encourage genetic modification of crop plants and monoculture farming practices.(D). Facilitate access to plant genetic resources for food and agriculture, especially for countries with limited resources and capacities.(E). Strengthen the capacity of farmers, particularly those in developing countries, to conserve, manage, and sustainably use plant genetic resources.Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • (A), (C), (D) and (E) only
  • (A), (B), (C) and (D) only
  • (A), (B), (D) and (E) only
  • (B), (C), (D) and (E) only
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).Assertion (A): In field experiments, the word ‘replication’ means doing something again in exactly the same way or repeating the treatments.Reason (R): The F₂ seeds can not be replicated in the field experiment as the genotype of each seed in an F₂ generation is not the same and hence can’t be repeatedIn light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
  • Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
  • Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
  • (A) is true but (R) is false.
  • (A) is false but (R) is true.
Unlike Mendel’s experiments, Bateson and Punnett’s experiment with sweet peas demonstrated that, in the F₂ generation, genes for flower color and pollen length:
  • Assort independently
  • Assort randomly
  • Do not assort independently
  • Showed chromosomal non-disjunction
Select the correct statements about origin of the tetraploid and hexaploid wheat:A. The tetraploid species Triticum turgidum is an allopolyploid.B. The hexaploid species Triticum aestivum is an allopolyploid.C. Triticum turgidum arose from a combination of Triticum monococcum and Triticum timopheevii genomes.D. Triticum aestivum arose from a combination of Triticum turgidum and Aegilops tauschii genomes.
  • (A), (B) and (C) only.
  • (A), (B) and (D) only.
  • (A), (C) and (D) only.
  • (B), (C) and (D) only.
Match List-I with List-IIList-I (Deemed University)List-II (Location of HQ)(A) ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute(I) Karnal(B) ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute(II) New Delhi(C) ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute(III) Mumbai(D) ICAR-Central Institute on Fisheries Education(IV) IzatnagarChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • A-(II), B-(IV), C-(I), D-(III)
  • A-(IV), B-(III), C-(II), D-(I)
  • A-(IV), B-(I), C-(III), D-(II)
  • A-(II), B-(I), C-(IV), D-(III)
Which of the following are important varieties of sugarcane?(A). Co 0238(B). CoPb 94(C). LRA 5166(D). Co 86032(E). Karan 9Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • (A), (B), (D) and (E) only
  • (A), (B), (C) and (D) only
  • (B), (C), (D) and (E) only
  • (A), (B), (C) and (E) only
Following are the activities in the development and release of a crop variety. Arrange the activities in chronological order i.e. from start to the last.(A). Evaluation of the collected genotypes and selection of parental genotypes.(B). Collection of diverse genotypes of the target crop.(C). Pair-wise cross-hybridization of the parental genotypes followed by evaluation and selection of the superior recombinants.(D). Testing, release, and commercializing the new variety.Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • (B), (C), (A), (D)
  • (B), (A), (C), (D)
  • (A), (B), (C), (D)
  • (C), (A), (B), (D)
Given below are two statements:Statement (I): The lipids found in the inner (cell) membrane of bacteria are phospholipidsStatement (II): The lipids in the outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria contain both phospholipids and lipopolysaccharidesIn light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
  • Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct.
  • Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are incorrect.
  • Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect.
  • Statement (I) is incorrect but Statement (II) is correct.
Which of the following groups of seeds represents the orthodox class of seeds?
  • Coconut and Mango
  • Rubber and Cocoa
  • Rice and Wheat
  • Coffee and Oilpalm
The process of ‘turning on the expression of genes’ due to environmental conditions is called
  • Constitutive expression
  • Induction
  • Repression
  • Enzymatic catabolism
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).Assertion (A): Incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity confuse the relationship between the genotype and phenotype.Reason (R): Progeny test for more than one generation may be used to study the nature of penetrance and expressivity, and to establish the genotype of a plant beyond reasonable doubt.In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
  • Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
  • Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
  • (A) is true but (R) is false.
  • (A) is false but (R) is true.
Here is combination of statements about various spores:(A). Ascospore is an example of Meiospore(B). Meiospores are a product of meiosis(C). Basidiospore is an example of Meiospore(D). Zoospores is an example of MeiosporeChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • (A), (B) and (C) only.
  • (A), (B) and (D) only.
  • (A), (B), (C) and (D).
  • (B), (C) and (D) only.
Given below are two statements:Statement (I): The first amino acid in protein synthesis is Methionine in Eubacteria.Statement (II): The first amino acid in protein synthesis is N -formyl-methionine in Archaea.In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
  • Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true.
  • Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are false.
  • Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false.
  • Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true.
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).Assertion (A): Inoculated Azospirillum culture did not show growth in Nitrogen free malate broth incubated at 37 °C under shaking conditionsReason (R): Azospirillum requires microaerophilic conditions for nitrogen fixation. Aerobic conditions inhibit nitrogen fixation.In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
  • Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
  • Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
  • (A) is true but (R) is false.
  • (A) is false but (R) is true.
The number of possible combinations in a polypeptide containing any 7 amino acids is given by the figure
  • 7⁴
  • 4⁷
  • 20⁷
  • 7²⁰
Match List-I with List-IIList-I (Authors)List-II (Publication)(A) Alexopoulos, C.J., C.W. Mims, and M. Blackwell(I) Fungal Biology(B) Deacon, J.(II) Introduction to Fungi(C) Kendrick, B(III) Introductory Mycology(D) Webster, J. and R.W.S. Weber(IV) The Fifth KingdomChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • (A) - (III), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (II)
  • (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (III), (D) - (IV)
  • (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (IV), (D) - (III)
  • (A) - (III), (B) - (IV), (C) - (I), (D) - (II)
Given below are two statements:Statement (I): Sesbania is used as green manure cropStatement (II): In Sesbania, nodules are formed only on the rootsIn light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
  • Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct.
  • Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are incorrect.
  • Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect.
  • Statement (I) is incorrect but Statement (II) is correct.
National Insect Museum (NIM) is situated in which city
  • Delhi
  • Chennai
  • Bangalore
  • Hisar
Different classes of seeds have various levels of genetic purity (%) standards. Arrange the following classes of seeds in ascending order of their genetic purity.(A). TL Seeds(B). Breeders seeds(C). Foundation seeds(D). Certified seedsChoose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • (A), (C), (D), (B)
  • (C), (A), (B), (D)
  • (A), (D), (C), (B)
  • (A), (B), (D), (C)